{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2514716710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging2030023","title":"Cross-Characterization for Imaging Parasitic Resistive Losses in Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules","display_name":"Cross-Characterization for Imaging Parasitic Resistive Losses in Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2514716710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging2030023","mag":"2514716710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging2030023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging2030023","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/2/3/23/pdf?version=1471852892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/2/3/23/pdf?version=1471852892","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065304338","display_name":"Archana Sinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Archana Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114375488","display_name":"Martin Bliss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1837-3548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090535","display_name":"Renewable Energy Systems (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00gsbmb44","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Bliss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST), Wolfon School Mechanical, Electronic and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST), Wolfon School Mechanical, Electronic and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889","https://openalex.org/I4210090535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368800","display_name":"Xiaofeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-0914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090535","display_name":"Renewable Energy Systems (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00gsbmb44","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST), Wolfon School Mechanical, Electronic and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST), Wolfon School Mechanical, Electronic and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889","https://openalex.org/I4210090535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039988506","display_name":"Subinoy Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4332-9124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subinoy Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081129941","display_name":"Ralph Gottschalg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-0899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090535","display_name":"Renewable Energy Systems (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00gsbmb44","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Gottschalg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST), Wolfon School Mechanical, Electronic and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST), Wolfon School Mechanical, Electronic and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889","https://openalex.org/I4210090535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008984414","display_name":"Rajesh Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5579-8174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065304338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"fwci":0.8275,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77202885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"23","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.7201173305511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6728197336196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.6098834276199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5929417014122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photocurrent","display_name":"Photocurrent","score":0.5758207440376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermography","display_name":"Thermography","score":0.5197615027427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.48684948682785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amorphous-silicon","display_name":"Amorphous silicon","score":0.43386223912239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparent-conducting-film","display_name":"Transparent conducting film","score":0.42855918407440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sheet-resistance","display_name":"Sheet resistance","score":0.4196551740169525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4170168936252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film","display_name":"Thin film","score":0.40665486454963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cell","display_name":"Solar cell","score":0.3803071081638336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3457062244415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystalline-silicon","display_name":"Crystalline silicon","score":0.18689805269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18656626343727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.15843307971954346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.7201173305511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6728197336196899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6098834276199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5929417014122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779845233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381567","display_name":"Photocurrent","level":2,"score":0.5758207440376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779222261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624587","display_name":"Thermography","level":3,"score":0.5197615027427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.48684948682785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776390347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474163","display_name":"Amorphous silicon","level":4,"score":0.43386223912239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17470697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2449552","display_name":"Transparent conducting film","level":3,"score":0.42855918407440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66825105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354718","display_name":"Sheet resistance","level":3,"score":0.4196551740169525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4170168936252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.40665486454963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.3803071081638336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3457062244415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779667780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18206302","display_name":"Crystalline silicon","level":3,"score":0.18689805269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18656626343727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.15843307971954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging2030023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging2030023","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/2/3/23/pdf?version=1471852892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bac8039d56914f96bc7fae80c0222f38","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bac8039d56914f96bc7fae80c0222f38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 2, Iss 3, p 23 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/22537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/22537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/9572420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Cross-characterization_for_imaging_parasitic_resistive_losses_in_thin-film_photovoltaic_modules/9572420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402585","display_name":"Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging2030023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging2030023","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/2/3/23/pdf?version=1471852892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1517134407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H040331/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2514716710.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524738798","https://openalex.org/W1586869403","https://openalex.org/W1965048856","https://openalex.org/W1971357786","https://openalex.org/W1977402849","https://openalex.org/W1985836392","https://openalex.org/W1987592375","https://openalex.org/W1993912387","https://openalex.org/W2005024313","https://openalex.org/W2012588672","https://openalex.org/W2017832357","https://openalex.org/W2026106632","https://openalex.org/W2026578000","https://openalex.org/W2028263076","https://openalex.org/W2029116406","https://openalex.org/W2049009408","https://openalex.org/W2066514359","https://openalex.org/W2070627771","https://openalex.org/W2073967810","https://openalex.org/W2075693736","https://openalex.org/W2078110295","https://openalex.org/W2078650045","https://openalex.org/W2080726328","https://openalex.org/W2082268134","https://openalex.org/W2083699085","https://openalex.org/W2085266943","https://openalex.org/W2085642479","https://openalex.org/W2086101252","https://openalex.org/W2089311153","https://openalex.org/W2090278547","https://openalex.org/W2090391540","https://openalex.org/W2091822144","https://openalex.org/W2097313311","https://openalex.org/W2101218739","https://openalex.org/W2118785584","https://openalex.org/W2126901515","https://openalex.org/W2129978592","https://openalex.org/W2140354123","https://openalex.org/W2157135856","https://openalex.org/W2159819804","https://openalex.org/W2185231696","https://openalex.org/W2311706733","https://openalex.org/W2335702059","https://openalex.org/W2506789960","https://openalex.org/W2528736276","https://openalex.org/W3112494834","https://openalex.org/W4243729171","https://openalex.org/W6634890777","https://openalex.org/W6672197079"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2958697339","https://openalex.org/W4381382515","https://openalex.org/W2074247650","https://openalex.org/W2467007083","https://openalex.org/W2304806920","https://openalex.org/W1977477486","https://openalex.org/W2902517646","https://openalex.org/W83098158","https://openalex.org/W2316490420","https://openalex.org/W1518697631"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thin-film":[0],"photovoltaic":[1],"(PV)":[2],"modules":[3,50],"often":[4],"suffer":[5],"from":[6,75,147],"a":[7,132],"variety":[8],"of":[9,34,54,86,91,107,153,166,176,185,192,221],"parasitic":[10],"resistive":[11,35,119],"losses":[12],"in":[13,45,215,234],"transparent":[14],"conductive":[15],"oxide":[16],"(TCO)":[17],"and":[18,43,64,81,89,105,112,136,151,171,219,232],"absorber":[19],"layers":[20],"that":[21,203],"significantly":[22],"affect":[23],"the":[24,31,103,116,126,181,188,204,217],"module":[25,157],"electrical":[26],"performance.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"presents":[30],"holistic":[32],"investigation":[33],"effects":[36,120],"due":[37],"to":[38,97,142],"TCO":[39,117,144],"lateral":[40,118],"sheet":[41,145],"resistance":[42,146],"shunts":[44,178,186],"amorphous-silicon":[46],"(a-Si)":[47],"thin-film":[48],"PV":[49],"by":[51,180,198,206],"simultaneous":[52],"use":[53],"three":[55],"different":[56,71,122,207],"imaging":[57,208],"techniques,":[58],"electroluminescence":[59],"(EL),":[60],"lock-in":[61],"thermography":[62],"(LIT)":[63],"light":[65],"beam":[66],"induced":[67],"current":[68],"(LBIC),":[69],"under":[70],"operating":[72],"conditions.":[73],"Results":[74,201],"individual":[76,193],"techniques":[77,93,114,209],"have":[78],"been":[79,95,140,196],"compared":[80],"analyzed":[82],"for":[83,102],"particular":[84,235],"type":[85],"loss":[87,109,222],"channel,":[88],"combination":[90],"these":[92,108],"has":[94,139,195],"used":[96],"obtain":[98],"more":[99,225],"detailed":[100],"information":[101],"identification":[104],"classification":[106],"channels.":[110],"EL":[111,148,170],"LIT":[113,162],"imaged":[115],"with":[121,224,228],"spatial":[123],"sensitivity":[124],"across":[125],"cell":[127,154],"width.":[128],"For":[129,159],"quantification":[130],"purpose,":[131],"distributed":[133],"diode":[134],"modeling":[135],"simulation":[137],"approach":[138],"exploited":[141],"estimate":[143],"intensity":[149],"pattern":[150],"effect":[152],"width":[155],"on":[156,187],"efficiency.":[158],"shunt":[160],"investigation,":[161],"provided":[163],"better":[164],"localization":[165,175],"severe":[167],"shunts,":[168],"while":[169],"LBIC":[172],"given":[173],"good":[174],"weak":[177],"formed":[179],"scratches.":[182],"The":[183],"impact":[184],"photocurrent":[189],"generation":[190],"capability":[191],"cells":[194],"assessed":[197],"li-LBIC":[199],"technique.":[200],"show":[202],"cross-characterization":[205],"provides":[210],"additional":[211],"information,":[212],"which":[213],"aids":[214],"identifying":[216],"nature":[218],"severity":[220],"channels":[223],"certainty,":[226],"along":[227],"their":[229],"relative":[230],"advantages":[231],"limitations":[233],"cases.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2016-09-16T00:00:00"}