{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130507619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12020089","title":"Classification of the Surrounding Rock Based on Image Processing Analysis and Transfer Learning","display_name":"Classification of the Surrounding Rock Based on Image Processing Analysis and Transfer Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130507619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12020089","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41745453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging12020089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12020089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12020089","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126435322","display_name":"Yanyun Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126002","display_name":"Yunnan Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/036p9e334","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyun Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Institute of Water and Hydropower Engineering Investigation, Design Co., Ltd., Kunming 650021, China","Yunnan Key Laboratory of Water Security, Kunming 650021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Institute of Water and Hydropower Engineering Investigation, Design Co., Ltd., Kunming 650021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Water Security, Kunming 650021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007671115","display_name":"Jiaqi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-4845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126002","display_name":"Yunnan Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/036p9e334","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Institute of Water and Hydropower Engineering Investigation Design and Research, Kunming 650021, China","Yunnan Key Laboratory of Water Security, Kunming 650021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Institute of Water and Hydropower Engineering Investigation Design and Research, Kunming 650021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Water Security, Kunming 650021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126374647","display_name":"Hua Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126002","display_name":"Yunnan Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/036p9e334","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Institute of Water and Hydropower Engineering Investigation, Design Co., Ltd., Kunming 650021, China","Yunnan Key Laboratory of Water Security, Kunming 650021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Institute of Water and Hydropower Engineering Investigation, Design Co., Ltd., Kunming 650021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Water Security, Kunming 650021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043753528","display_name":"Yaxi Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-257X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaxi Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-257X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126395497","display_name":"Shuanglong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126002","display_name":"Yunnan Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/036p9e334","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuanglong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Institute of Water and Hydropower Engineering Investigation, Design Co., Ltd., Kunming 650021, China","Yunnan Key Laboratory of Water Security, Kunming 650021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Institute of Water and Hydropower Engineering Investigation, Design Co., Ltd., Kunming 650021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Water Security, Kunming 650021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331077","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-353X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126002","display_name":"Yunnan Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/036p9e334","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoning Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Institute of Water and Hydropower Engineering Investigation Design and Research, Kunming 650021, China","Yunnan Key Laboratory of Water Security, Kunming 650021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Institute of Water and Hydropower Engineering Investigation Design and Research, Kunming 650021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Water Security, Kunming 650021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126399067","display_name":"Dong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125697220","display_name":"Chuhan Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuhan Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16153663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"89","last_page":"89"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.08709999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.08709999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.045899998396635056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.042500000447034836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-dimension","display_name":"Fractal dimension","score":0.7445999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.6753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-mass-classification","display_name":"Rock mass classification","score":0.48429998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4521999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-transfer","display_name":"Water transfer","score":0.4284000098705292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26546657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412452","display_name":"Fractal dimension","level":3,"score":0.7445999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.6753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41242791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105549","display_name":"Rock mass classification","level":2,"score":0.48429998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4521999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992143177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7973862","display_name":"Water transfer","level":2,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162494671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845227","display_name":"Fractal analysis","level":4,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99008458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4951583","display_name":"Box counting","level":5,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776381685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211146","display_name":"Rock art","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging12020089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12020089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41745453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41745453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ff739f9378d4b5cb2ad1f9b38c448f6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ff739f9378d4b5cb2ad1f9b38c448f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 89 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12941806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12941806/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging12020089","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12020089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41780221462249756,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965262908","https://openalex.org/W1983054419","https://openalex.org/W1999745521","https://openalex.org/W2464977781","https://openalex.org/W2549682685","https://openalex.org/W2887597701","https://openalex.org/W2981931085","https://openalex.org/W2983902176","https://openalex.org/W3033645921","https://openalex.org/W3083292218","https://openalex.org/W3131348115","https://openalex.org/W3159777636","https://openalex.org/W3173214624","https://openalex.org/W4214815574","https://openalex.org/W4220864600","https://openalex.org/W4220909316","https://openalex.org/W4281250165","https://openalex.org/W4311436560","https://openalex.org/W4311623726","https://openalex.org/W4319599846","https://openalex.org/W4386864671","https://openalex.org/W4391430892","https://openalex.org/W4400877780","https://openalex.org/W4401108802","https://openalex.org/W4407991648","https://openalex.org/W4413247304","https://openalex.org/W4414096873","https://openalex.org/W4416417451","https://openalex.org/W4417363836"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"standardized":[1,205,241],"classification":[2,11,36,127,206,230,242],"methods":[3,37],"of":[4,12,21,38,46,98,102,119,144,181,207,215,231,243],"surrounding":[5,13,39,62,76,109,130,145,161,209,217,233,245],"rock":[6,14,40,63,77,110,131,146,162,182,218],"are":[7,71,112],"relatively":[8,80],"insufficient.":[9],"The":[10],"mainly":[15],"relies":[16],"on":[17,31,107,116,133,165],"the":[18,32,47,66,75,84,91,94,99,108,117,134,141,149,160,174,178,185,204,208,213,240],"subjective":[19],"judgment":[20],"technicians,":[22],"leading":[23],"to":[24,83,203,227],"diverse":[25],"evaluation":[26],"results.":[27],"This":[28,235],"study":[29],"focuses":[30],"feature":[33],"extraction":[34],"and":[35,58,65,73,86,96,105,148],"images":[41,64,147,219],"in":[42,121,184],"a":[43,126,156,223],"certain":[44],"tunnel":[45,69,216,232,244],"Central":[48],"Yunnan":[49],"Water":[50],"Diversion":[51],"Project":[52],"by":[53,153,177],"using":[54],"image":[55,166],"processing":[56],"analysis":[57,118,167],"transfer":[59,221],"learning.":[60],"Rich":[61],"water":[67],"conservancy":[68],"data":[70,151],"collected,":[72],"then":[74],"is":[78,137,168,201,225],"classified":[79],"accurately":[81],"according":[82],"code":[85],"expert":[87],"guidance.":[88],"By":[89],"introducing":[90],"fractal":[92,122,135],"theory,":[93],"complexity":[95],"irregularity":[97],"spatial":[100],"distribution":[101,180],"weak":[103],"layers":[104],"joints":[106],"surface":[111],"revealed":[113],"effectively.":[114],"Based":[115],"changes":[120],"dimension":[123],"characteristic":[124],"values,":[125],"method":[128,157],"for":[129,158,239],"based":[132,164],"theory":[136],"proposed.":[138],"Combined":[139],"with":[140,220],"quantified":[142],"parameters":[143],"strength":[150,163,189,195],"collected":[152],"rebound":[154,187],"meters,":[155],"correcting":[159],"proposed,":[169],"which":[170,200],"can":[171,197],"effectively":[172],"solve":[173],"error":[175],"caused":[176],"uneven":[179],"masses":[183],"traditional":[186],"meter":[188],"values.":[190],"After":[191,211],"correction,":[192],"more":[193],"accurate":[194],"characteristics":[196],"be":[198],"obtained,":[199],"conducive":[202],"rock.":[210,234,246],"studying":[212],"recognition":[214],"learning,":[222],"model":[224],"constructed":[226],"achieve":[228],"rapid":[229],"research":[236],"provides":[237],"support":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-19T00:00:00"}