{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128598158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12020078","title":"Age Prediction of Hematoma from Hyperspectral Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Age Prediction of Hematoma from Hyperspectral Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128598158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12020078","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41745442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging12020078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12020078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/12/2/78/pdf?version=1770808290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/12/2/78/pdf?version=1770808290","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011206877","display_name":"Arash Keshavarz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arash Keshavarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Computing, Fraunhofer-Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, 18059 Rostock, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2944-0994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing, Fraunhofer-Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, 18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015748668","display_name":"G Bieber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Bieber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Computing, Fraunhofer-Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, 18059 Rostock, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-6232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing, Fraunhofer-Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, 18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034541300","display_name":"Daniel L. Wulff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8892-5371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Wulff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Visual & Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8892-5371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Visual & Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088385689","display_name":"Carsten Babian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-9705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Babian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Forensic Medicine Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-9705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Forensic Medicine Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121278470","display_name":"Stefan L\u00fcdtke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan L\u00fcdtke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Visual & Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1488-4236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Visual & Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011206877","https://openalex.org/A5121278470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4665924"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1468232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"78","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12235","display_name":"Child Abuse and Related Trauma","score":0.29820001125335693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12235","display_name":"Child Abuse and Related Trauma","score":0.29820001125335693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13953","display_name":"Digital Imaging in Medicine","score":0.05050000175833702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.042100001126527786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.77920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7698000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.7267000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.614799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.612500011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.77920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7698000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7268999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.7267000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7217000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.614799976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.612500011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5512999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37616216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3218363","display_name":"Lasso (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176641082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446767","display_name":"Spectral signature","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging12020078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12020078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/12/2/78/pdf?version=1770808290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41745442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41745442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e83f25c6ff7a43a7bf7d404a794fed9c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e83f25c6ff7a43a7bf7d404a794fed9c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 78 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/509122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/509122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12942564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12942564/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging12020078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12020078","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/12/2/78/pdf?version=1770808290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128598158.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128598158.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1633414244","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1965225201","https://openalex.org/W1967654463","https://openalex.org/W1993448938","https://openalex.org/W2039750304","https://openalex.org/W3004578939","https://openalex.org/W3080144472","https://openalex.org/W3089848208","https://openalex.org/W3119263471","https://openalex.org/W3124925910","https://openalex.org/W3164577728","https://openalex.org/W4200123381","https://openalex.org/W4310675951","https://openalex.org/W4311254157","https://openalex.org/W4311378005","https://openalex.org/W4321099600","https://openalex.org/W4377989430","https://openalex.org/W4380090304","https://openalex.org/W4389883512","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4391163776","https://openalex.org/W4391515456","https://openalex.org/W4400487456","https://openalex.org/W4402635672","https://openalex.org/W4406872220","https://openalex.org/W4408032257","https://openalex.org/W4411329848","https://openalex.org/W4413138044","https://openalex.org/W4413315183","https://openalex.org/W4413832432","https://openalex.org/W4414128746"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"estimation":[1,56,163],"of":[2,34,72,77,138,175],"hematoma":[3,54,148],"age":[4,55],"remains":[5],"a":[6,42,67,75,101],"major":[7],"challenge":[8],"in":[9],"forensic":[10,183],"practice,":[11],"as":[12],"current":[13],"assessments":[14],"rely":[15],"heavily":[16],"on":[17],"subjective":[18],"visual":[19],"interpretation.":[20],"Hyperspectral":[21],"imaging":[22],"(HSI)":[23],"captures":[24],"rich":[25],"spectral":[26,49],"signatures":[27],"that":[28,153],"may":[29],"reflect":[30],"the":[31,98,106,136,139,173],"biochemical":[32],"evolution":[33],"hematomas":[35,79],"over":[36],"time.":[37],"This":[38,170],"study":[39],"evaluates":[40],"whether":[41,61],"convolutional":[43],"neural":[44],"network":[45],"(CNN)":[46],"integrating":[47],"both":[48],"and":[50,87,121,146,156,182],"spatial":[51],"information":[52],"improves":[53],"accuracy.":[57],"Additionally,":[58],"we":[59,83],"investigate":[60],"performance":[62],"can":[63,161],"be":[64],"maintained":[65],"using":[66,129],"reduced,":[68],"physiologically":[69,157],"motivated":[70],"subset":[71],"wavelengths.":[73],"Using":[74],"dataset":[76],"forearm":[78],"from":[80,111],"25":[81],"participants,":[82],"applied":[84],"radiometric":[85],"normalization":[86],"SAM-based":[88],"segmentation":[89],"to":[90,114],"extract":[91],"64\u00d764\u00d7204":[92],"hyperspectral":[93],"patches.":[94],"In":[95],"leave-one-subject-out":[96],"cross-validation,":[97],"CNN":[99],"outperformed":[100],"spectral-only":[102],"Lasso":[103],"baseline,":[104],"reducing":[105,167],"mean":[107],"absolute":[108],"error":[109],"(MAE)":[110],"3.24":[112],"days":[113],"2.29":[115],"days.":[116],"Band-importance":[117],"analysis":[118],"combining":[119],"SmoothGrad":[120],"occlusion":[122],"sensitivity":[123],"identified":[124],"20":[125],"highly":[126],"informative":[127],"wavelengths;":[128],"only":[130],"these":[131],"bands":[132],"matched":[133],"or":[134],"exceeded":[135],"accuracy":[137,164],"full":[140],"204-band":[141],"model":[142],"across":[143],"early,":[144],"middle,":[145],"late":[147],"stages.":[149],"These":[150],"results":[151],"demonstrate":[152],"spectral-spatial":[154],"modeling":[155],"grounded":[158],"band":[159],"selection":[160],"enhance":[162],"while":[165],"significantly":[166],"data":[168],"dimensionality.":[169],"approach":[171],"supports":[172],"development":[174],"compact":[176],"multispectral":[177],"systems":[178],"for":[179],"objective":[180],"clinical":[181],"evaluation.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}
