{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411157579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11060187","title":"Biomechanics of Spiral Fractures: Investigating Periosteal Effects Using Digital Image Correlation","display_name":"Biomechanics of Spiral Fractures: Investigating Periosteal Effects Using Digital Image Correlation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411157579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11060187","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40558786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11060187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11060187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/6/187/pdf?version=1749284758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/6/187/pdf?version=1749284758","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078829364","display_name":"Ghaidaa A. Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6270-6445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115078","display_name":"Middle Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fvkg758","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghaidaa A. Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10022, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6270-6445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10022, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000023371","display_name":"Ali Al\u2010Naji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-9235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115078","display_name":"Middle Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fvkg758","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}],"countries":["AU","IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Al-Naji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10022, Iraq","School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-9235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10022, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090327828","display_name":"Javaan Chahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6496-0543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303474014","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05ddrvt52","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I3139952251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javaan Chahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Platforms Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia","School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6496-0543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Platforms Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA 5111, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000023371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107","https://openalex.org/I4210115078"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17716106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"187","last_page":"187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12235","display_name":"Child Abuse and Related Trauma","score":0.5781999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12235","display_name":"Child Abuse and Related Trauma","score":0.5781999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11487","display_name":"Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics","score":0.1542000025510788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10658","display_name":"Bone fractures and treatments","score":0.10939999669790268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomechanics","display_name":"Biomechanics","score":0.7606750726699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image-correlation","display_name":"Digital image correlation","score":0.7078523635864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image-analysis","display_name":"Digital image analysis","score":0.5180699825286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.4977469742298126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiral","display_name":"Spiral (railway)","score":0.4673405587673187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4210954010486603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontics","display_name":"Orthodontics","score":0.3357650637626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.270829439163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.270466685295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2531243562698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1979038119316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16956010460853577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.7606750726699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115635565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860900","display_name":"Digital image correlation","level":2,"score":0.7078523635864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909954168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860755","display_name":"Digital image analysis","level":2,"score":0.5180699825286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.4977469742298126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174128100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846907","display_name":"Spiral (railway)","level":2,"score":0.4673405587673187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4210954010486603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.3357650637626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.270829439163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.270466685295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2531243562698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1979038119316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16956010460853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11060187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11060187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/6/187/pdf?version=1749284758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40558786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40558786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd0fe9d3a5014e908bbe7a664ba0b2a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd0fe9d3a5014e908bbe7a664ba0b2a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 187 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12194086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12194086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11060187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11060187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/6/187/pdf?version=1749284758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411157579.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411157579.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122585317","https://openalex.org/W1858767705","https://openalex.org/W1983854559","https://openalex.org/W1989115057","https://openalex.org/W2001736880","https://openalex.org/W2017147486","https://openalex.org/W2020640313","https://openalex.org/W2033909026","https://openalex.org/W2033928737","https://openalex.org/W2036203670","https://openalex.org/W2040179902","https://openalex.org/W2040370152","https://openalex.org/W2042072549","https://openalex.org/W2062629771","https://openalex.org/W2086439985","https://openalex.org/W2088271039","https://openalex.org/W2091673628","https://openalex.org/W2111646058","https://openalex.org/W2114822395","https://openalex.org/W2141227115","https://openalex.org/W2167532074","https://openalex.org/W2187544091","https://openalex.org/W2317549496","https://openalex.org/W2478844064","https://openalex.org/W4387941524","https://openalex.org/W4404248743","https://openalex.org/W4409994276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014307317","https://openalex.org/W1964003912","https://openalex.org/W2533694135","https://openalex.org/W3135525037","https://openalex.org/W2149428760","https://openalex.org/W2151726390","https://openalex.org/W292201379","https://openalex.org/W3096285135","https://openalex.org/W2586433095","https://openalex.org/W2739558038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spiral":[0,128],"fractures":[1,17,57,129],"are":[2,25],"a":[3,103,109,170,180],"frequent":[4],"clinical":[5],"manifestation":[6],"of":[7,16,23,47,55,65,102,108,136,183],"child":[8],"abuse,":[9],"particularly":[10],"in":[11,18,43,58,68,133,173,198,216],"non-ambulatory":[12],"infants.":[13],"Approximately":[14],"50%":[15],"children":[19],"under":[20,72,227],"one":[21],"year":[22],"age":[24],"non-accidental,":[26],"yet":[27],"differentiating":[28],"between":[29],"accidental":[30],"and":[31,62,94,106,122,166,220],"abusive":[32],"injuries":[33],"remains":[34,204],"challenging,":[35],"as":[36],"no":[37],"single":[38],"fracture":[39,70,148,200],"type":[40],"is":[41,50],"diagnostic":[42],"isolation.":[44],"The":[45,206],"objective":[46],"this":[48],"study":[49,178],"to":[51,193],"investigate":[52],"the":[53,63,66,147,195,212,222],"biomechanics":[54],"spiral":[56,199],"immature":[59,81,217],"long":[60,218],"bones":[61,156,219],"role":[64,172,197],"periosteum":[67,159],"modulating":[69],"behavior":[71],"torsional":[73,87,228],"loading.":[74],"METHODS:":[75],"Paired":[76],"metatarsal":[77],"bone":[78],"specimens":[79],"from":[80],"sheep":[82],"were":[83,97,125,130],"tested":[84],"using":[85],"controlled":[86],"loading":[88],"at":[89,146],"two":[90],"angular":[91],"velocities":[92],"(90\u00b0/s":[93],"180\u00b0/s).":[95],"Specimens":[96],"prepared":[98],"through":[99],"potting,":[100],"application":[101],"base":[104],"coat,":[105],"painting":[107],"speckle":[110],"pattern":[111],"suitable":[112],"for":[113],"high-speed":[114,184],"digital":[115,185],"image":[116,139,186],"correlation":[117,140,187],"(HS-DIC)":[118],"analysis.":[119],"Both":[120],"periosteum-intact":[121],"periosteum-removed":[123],"groups":[124],"included.":[126],"RESULTS:":[127],"successfully":[131],"induced":[132],"over":[134],"85%":[135],"specimens.":[137],"Digital":[138],"revealed":[141],"localized":[142],"diagonal":[143],"tensile":[144,162],"strain":[145,213],"initiation":[149],"site,":[150],"with":[151,157,189],"opposing":[152],"compressive":[153],"zones.":[154],"Notably,":[155],"intact":[158],"exhibited":[160],"broader":[161],"stress":[163],"regions":[164],"before":[165],"after":[167],"failure,":[168],"suggesting":[169],"biomechanical":[171,191],"constraining":[174],"deformation.":[175],"CONCLUSION:":[176],"This":[177],"presents":[179],"novel":[181],"integration":[182],"(DIC)":[188],"paired":[190],"testing":[192],"evaluate":[194],"periosteum's":[196,223],"formation-an":[201],"area":[202],"that":[203],"underexplored.":[205],"findings":[207],"offer":[208],"new":[209],"insight":[210],"into":[211],"distribution":[214],"dynamics":[215],"highlight":[221],"potential":[224],"protective":[225],"contribution":[226],"stress.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
