{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410308676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11050152","title":"Frequency-Aware Diffusion Model for Multi-Modal MRI Image Synthesis","display_name":"Frequency-Aware Diffusion Model for Multi-Modal MRI Image Synthesis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410308676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11050152","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40423009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11050152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11050152","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/5/152/pdf?version=1747121404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/5/152/pdf?version=1747121404","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002822938","display_name":"Mingfeng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3013-4790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingfeng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054698723","display_name":"Ping Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-5949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peihang Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047677335","display_name":"Xin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-5066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007854134","display_name":"Zihan Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101807179","display_name":"Dongsheng Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2827-6191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100610446","display_name":"Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1074-2601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073559766","display_name":"Ling Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1937-9693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002822938","https://openalex.org/A5047677335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":2.66,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89673495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"152","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9480999708175659,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8290242552757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.7373148202896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6508582830429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion-mri","display_name":"Diffusion MRI","score":0.575661838054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.5570636987686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.5561672449111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.4911603629589081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.4593965709209442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-mri","display_name":"Real-time MRI","score":0.4583307206630707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.45667171478271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4315144717693329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4206281900405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34064429998397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.14435285329818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.083565354347229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8290242552757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.7373148202896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6508582830429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149550507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899360","display_name":"Diffusion MRI","level":3,"score":0.575661838054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.5570636987686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.5561672449111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.4911603629589081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4593965709209442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157787499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479657","display_name":"Real-time MRI","level":3,"score":0.4583307206630707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.45667171478271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4315144717693329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4206281900405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34064429998397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.14435285329818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.083565354347229}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11050152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11050152","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/5/152/pdf?version=1747121404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40423009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40423009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9dcfa68a6df6401fa4987b5f544bd84b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9dcfa68a6df6401fa4987b5f544bd84b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 152 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10924720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12112230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11050152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11050152","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/5/152/pdf?version=1747121404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1074751174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFE0205600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1693661885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YFE0205600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6785056686","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272415","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8938024435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023BEG02065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334010","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334010","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410308676.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410308676.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2891631795","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2998589268","https://openalex.org/W3035037798","https://openalex.org/W3191805365","https://openalex.org/W3212516020","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4360884927","https://openalex.org/W4382372079","https://openalex.org/W4386066464","https://openalex.org/W4393159973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062399876","https://openalex.org/W2607795551","https://openalex.org/W3155117723","https://openalex.org/W1991429770","https://openalex.org/W1983892167","https://openalex.org/W4310746709","https://openalex.org/W4386075645","https://openalex.org/W4385574037","https://openalex.org/W2137936970","https://openalex.org/W2484429163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetic":[0],"Resonance":[1],"Imaging":[2],"(MRI)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,13,88,107,136,162],"widely":[6],"used,":[7],"non-invasive":[8],"imaging":[9],"technology":[10],"that":[11,167],"plays":[12],"critical":[14],"role":[15],"in":[16,55,79,175],"clinical":[17],"diagnostics.":[18],"Multi-modal":[19],"MRI,":[20],"which":[21],"combines":[22],"images":[23,99],"from":[24,100,123],"different":[25],"modalities,":[26],"enhances":[27,38],"diagnostic":[28],"accuracy":[29],"by":[30,48],"offering":[31],"comprehensive":[32],"tissue":[33,130],"characterization.":[34],"Meanwhile,":[35],"multi-modal":[36],"MRI":[37,98,124,164,186],"downstream":[39],"tasks,":[40],"like":[41],"brain":[42,178],"tumor":[43,181],"segmentation":[44],"and":[45,74,120,132,140,149,161,180],"image":[46,63,77],"reconstruction,":[47],"providing":[49],"richer":[50],"features.":[51,134],"While":[52],"recent":[53],"advances":[54],"diffusion":[56,113],"models":[57],"(DMs)":[58],"show":[59],"potential":[60],"for":[61,93],"high-quality":[62,95,185],"translation,":[64],"existing":[65,171],"methods":[66],"still":[67],"struggle":[68],"to":[69,116,145],"preserve":[70],"fine":[71],"structural":[72,131],"details":[73],"ensure":[75],"accurate":[76],"synthesis":[78],"medical":[80],"imaging.":[81],"To":[82],"address":[83],"these":[84],"challenges,":[85],"we":[86],"propose":[87],"Frequency-Aware":[89],"Diffusion":[90],"Model":[91],"(FADM)":[92],"generating":[94,184],"target":[96],"modality":[97,102],"source":[101],"images.":[103,187],"The":[104],"FADM":[105,169],"incorporates":[106],"discrete":[108],"wavelet":[109,137],"transform":[110],"within":[111],"the":[112,127,157,168],"model":[114],"framework":[115],"extract":[117],"both":[118],"low-":[119],"high-frequency":[121,151],"information":[122],"images,":[125],"enhancing":[126],"capture":[128],"of":[129],"textural":[133],"Additionally,":[135],"downsampling":[138],"layer":[139],"supervision":[141],"module":[142],"are":[143],"incorporated":[144],"improve":[146],"frequency":[147],"awareness":[148],"optimize":[150],"detail":[152],"extraction.":[153],"Experimental":[154],"results":[155],"on":[156],"BraTS":[158],"2021":[159],"dataset":[160,165],"1.5T-3T":[163],"demonstrate":[166],"outperforms":[170],"generative":[172],"models,":[173],"particularly":[174],"preserving":[176],"intricate":[177],"structures":[179],"regions":[182],"while":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}