{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409705379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11050131","title":"Improvements in Image Registration, Segmentation, and Artifact Removal in ThermOcular Imaging System","display_name":"Improvements in Image Registration, Segmentation, and Artifact Removal in ThermOcular Imaging System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409705379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11050131","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40422988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11050131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11050131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/5/131/pdf?version=1745392757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/5/131/pdf?version=1745392757","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093739882","display_name":"Navid Shahsavari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navid Shahsavari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","System Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102894181","display_name":"Ehsan Zare Bidaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-0166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Zare Bidaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","System Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-0166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048076117","display_name":"Alexander Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9781-5479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["System Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"System Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078744610","display_name":"Paul J. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0041-4671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul J. Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0041-4671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102894181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05986304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"131","last_page":"131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.7796617746353149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.731846809387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7298462986946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7085080742835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-registration","display_name":"Image registration","score":0.6212543845176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5775467753410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5373368263244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4383409023284912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35727381706237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34914731979370117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.7796617746353149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.731846809387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7298462986946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7085080742835999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.6212543845176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5775467753410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5373368263244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4383409023284912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35727381706237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34914731979370117}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11050131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11050131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/5/131/pdf?version=1745392757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40422988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40422988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7342ef21d87848b588470fc98a379a1a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7342ef21d87848b588470fc98a379a1a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 131 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10924892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12112437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11050131","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11050131","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/5/131/pdf?version=1745392757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G642405767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSERC-RGPIN-2016-04225","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409705379.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409705379.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131869594","https://openalex.org/W1556564593","https://openalex.org/W1991185185","https://openalex.org/W2000101657","https://openalex.org/W2061731498","https://openalex.org/W2072962646","https://openalex.org/W2075673601","https://openalex.org/W2112860240","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2564383885","https://openalex.org/W2601058094","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W3109301572","https://openalex.org/W3167075217","https://openalex.org/W3189068355","https://openalex.org/W3210728012","https://openalex.org/W3211490618","https://openalex.org/W4226439086","https://openalex.org/W4389474125","https://openalex.org/W4400785809","https://openalex.org/W6797399245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W52840052","https://openalex.org/W3162837891","https://openalex.org/W1687852313","https://openalex.org/W3029243869","https://openalex.org/W2502336004","https://openalex.org/W1741504538","https://openalex.org/W4308623176","https://openalex.org/W4230676417","https://openalex.org/W2019696434","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"assessment":[1],"of":[2,16,64,85,106,112,119,142,150,178],"ocular":[3,18,197],"surface":[4],"temperature":[5,151],"(OST)":[6],"plays":[7],"a":[8,103,136,192],"pivotal":[9],"role":[10],"in":[11,69,122,130,196],"the":[12,26,51,59,62,83,92,99,110,113,117,140,148,166,176,185],"diagnosis":[13],"and":[14,49,159,188,200],"management":[15],"various":[17],"diseases.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21],"introduces":[22],"significant":[23,193],"enhancements":[24],"to":[25,58,184],"ThermOcular":[27],"system,":[28],"initially":[29],"developed":[30,138],"for":[31,156],"precise":[32],"OST":[33,131,179],"measurement":[34,128],"using":[35],"infrared":[36],"(IR)":[37],"thermography.":[38],"These":[39,171],"advancements":[40],"focus":[41],"on":[42,91],"accuracy":[43,105],"improvements":[44],"that":[45],"reduce":[46],"user":[47],"dependency":[48],"increase":[50],"system's":[52,186],"diagnostic":[53,189],"capabilities.":[54],"A":[55],"novel":[56],"addition":[57],"system":[60],"includes":[61],"use":[63],"EyeTags,":[65],"which":[66,125],"assist":[67],"clinicians":[68],"selecting":[70],"control":[71],"points":[72],"more":[73],"easily,":[74],"thus":[75],"reducing":[76],"errors":[77,129],"associated":[78],"with":[79],"manual":[80],"selection.":[81],"Furthermore,":[82],"integration":[84],"state-of-the-art":[86],"semantic":[87],"segmentation":[88,104],"models":[89],"trained":[90],"newest":[93],"dataset":[94],"is":[95,133,144,161],"explored.":[96],"Among":[97],"these,":[98],"OCRNet-HRNet-w18":[100],"model":[101],"achieved":[102],"96.21%":[107],"MIOU,":[108],"highlighting":[109],"effectiveness":[111],"improved":[114],"pipeline.":[115],"Additionally,":[116],"challenge":[118],"eliminating":[120],"eyelashes":[121,143],"IR":[123],"frames,":[124],"cause":[126],"artifactual":[127],"assessments,":[132],"addressed.":[134],"Through":[135],"newly":[137],"method,":[139],"influence":[141],"eliminated,":[145],"thereby":[146],"enhancing":[147],"precision":[149],"readings.":[152],"Moreover,":[153],"an":[154],"algorithm":[155],"blink":[157],"detection":[158],"elimination":[160],"implemented,":[162],"significantly":[163],"improving":[164],"upon":[165],"basic":[167],"methods":[168],"previously":[169],"utilized.":[170],"innovations":[172],"not":[173],"only":[174],"enhance":[175],"reliability":[177],"measurements,":[180],"but":[181],"also":[182],"contribute":[183],"efficiency":[187],"accuracy,":[190],"marking":[191],"step":[194],"forward":[195],"health":[198],"monitoring":[199],"diagnostics.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
