{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409458117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11040117","title":"YOLO-Tryppa: A Novel YOLO-Based Approach for Rapid and Accurate Detection of Small Trypanosoma Parasites","display_name":"YOLO-Tryppa: A Novel YOLO-Based Approach for Rapid and Accurate Detection of Small Trypanosoma Parasites","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409458117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11040117","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40278033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11040117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11040117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/4/117/pdf?version=1744706799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/4/117/pdf?version=1744706799","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116593741","display_name":"Davide Antonio Mura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Antonio Mura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0701-9583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035691852","display_name":"Luca Zedda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8488-1612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Zedda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8488-1612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010294470","display_name":"Andrea Loddo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-3816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Loddo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-3816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009180528","display_name":"Cecilia Di Ruberto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-0307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Di Ruberto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-0307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010294470","https://openalex.org/A5035691852","https://openalex.org/A5116593741"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":2.1902,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87341264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"117","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7467674612998962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.73203045129776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48896706104278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neglected-tropical-diseases","display_name":"Neglected tropical diseases","score":0.47829490900039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limited-resources","display_name":"Limited resources","score":0.46538180112838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4582909345626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.17518791556358337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.15734410285949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10076579451560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08767533302307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.08608922362327576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7467674612998962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.73203045129776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48896706104278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776246342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929451","display_name":"Neglected tropical diseases","level":3,"score":0.47829490900039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019252630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6549547","display_name":"Limited resources","level":2,"score":0.46538180112838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4582909345626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.17518791556358337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.15734410285949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10076579451560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08767533302307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08608922362327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11040117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11040117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/4/117/pdf?version=1744706799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40278033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40278033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:103fd6cbb2a144ce9ef3db74edf38e7e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/103fd6cbb2a144ce9ef3db74edf38e7e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 11, Iss 4, p 117 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/443025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11584/443025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12027583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12027583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11040117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11040117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/4/117/pdf?version=1744706799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G120170159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F53D23004270006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F7311471023","funder_display_name":"NextGenerationEU"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1951022691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022BAXSPY","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2356585098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE00000014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2424473932","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022BAXSPY","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F7311471023","funder_display_name":"NextGenerationEU"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3581521484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F53D23004270006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3822624842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE00000014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F7311471023","funder_display_name":"NextGenerationEU"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4178096660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F53C22000430001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G437803959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022BAXSPY","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5520053537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F53C22000430001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F7311471023","funder_display_name":"NextGenerationEU"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6979464864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F53D23004270006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F7311471023","display_name":"NextGenerationEU","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409458117.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409458117.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572755861","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1971807222","https://openalex.org/W2065524237","https://openalex.org/W2070573514","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2959687571","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2990954877","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3128992737","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3197453785","https://openalex.org/W3202671536","https://openalex.org/W4223513854","https://openalex.org/W4281715409","https://openalex.org/W4294186675","https://openalex.org/W4296558701","https://openalex.org/W4319971326","https://openalex.org/W4376122633","https://openalex.org/W4377690951","https://openalex.org/W4383503081","https://openalex.org/W4387569390","https://openalex.org/W4387738897","https://openalex.org/W4390699316","https://openalex.org/W4394844844","https://openalex.org/W4396655358","https://openalex.org/W4403448943","https://openalex.org/W4406233833","https://openalex.org/W4406828174","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"detection":[1,53],"of":[2,11,31,54,85,121,128],"Trypanosoma":[3,56],"parasites":[4,57],"is":[5],"critical":[6],"for":[7,48,135,146],"the":[8,29,49,83,90,95,110,118,122],"prompt":[9],"treatment":[10],"trypanosomiasis,":[12],"a":[13,42,76,99,132],"neglected":[14],"tropical":[15],"disease":[16],"that":[17,115],"poses":[18],"severe":[19],"health":[20],"and":[21,35,51,74,104,138,154],"socioeconomic":[22],"challenges":[23],"in":[24,58,148],"affected":[25],"regions.":[26],"To":[27],"address":[28],"limitations":[30],"traditional":[32],"manual":[33],"microscopy":[34,59],"prior":[36],"automated":[37],"methods,":[38],"we":[39],"propose":[40],"YOLO-Tryppa,":[41],"novel":[43],"YOLO-based":[44],"framework":[45],"specifically":[46],"engineered":[47],"rapid":[50,153],"accurate":[52],"small":[55,86],"images.":[60],"YOLO-Tryppa":[61,116,143],"incorporates":[62],"ghost":[63],"convolutions":[64],"to":[65,81],"reduce":[66],"computational":[67],"complexity":[68],"while":[69],"maintaining":[70],"robust":[71],"feature":[72],"extraction":[73],"introduces":[75],"dedicated":[77],"P2":[78],"prediction":[79,93],"head":[80],"improve":[82],"localization":[84],"objects.":[87],"By":[88],"eliminating":[89],"redundant":[91],"P5":[92],"head,":[94],"proposed":[96],"approach":[97],"achieves":[98],"significantly":[100],"lower":[101],"parameter":[102],"count":[103],"reduced":[105],"GFLOPs.":[106],"Experimental":[107],"results":[108],"on":[109],"public":[111],"Tryp":[112],"dataset":[113],"demonstrate":[114],"outperforms":[117],"previous":[119],"state":[120],"art":[123],"by":[124],"achieving":[125],"an":[126],"AP50":[127],"71.3%,":[129],"thereby":[130],"setting":[131],"new":[133],"benchmark":[134],"both":[136],"accuracy":[137],"efficiency.":[139],"These":[140],"improvements":[141],"make":[142],"particularly":[144],"well-suited":[145],"deployment":[147],"resource-constrained":[149],"settings,":[150],"facilitating":[151],"more":[152],"reliable":[155],"diagnostic":[156],"practices.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}