{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409337983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11040115","title":"A Hybrid CNN Framework DLI-Net for Acne Detection with XAI","display_name":"A Hybrid CNN Framework DLI-Net for Acne Detection with XAI","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409337983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11040115","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40278031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11040115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11040115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/4/115/pdf?version=1744345527","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/4/115/pdf?version=1744345527","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113705576","display_name":"Shaila Sharmin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaila Sharmin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044844639","display_name":"Fahmid Al Farid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-2348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahmid Al Farid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Image and Vision Computing (CIVC), COE for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering (FAIE), Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Image and Vision Computing (CIVC), COE for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering (FAIE), Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117102825","display_name":"Md. Jihad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885507782","display_name":"East West University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p0tzt32","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885507782"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Jihad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885507782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008671456","display_name":"Shakila Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-4174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shakila Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036848523","display_name":"Jia Uddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-4095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85389745","display_name":"Woosong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02srty072","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85389745"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Department, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Department, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85389745"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117102826","display_name":"Rayhan Kabir Rafi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103434671","display_name":"American International University-Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/02j8ga255","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rayhan Kabir Rafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117306219","display_name":"Radia Hossan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142758973","display_name":"University of Information Technology and Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1jjs80","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142758973"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radia Hossan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, University of Information Technology and Sciences, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of Information Technology and Sciences, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142758973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027445807","display_name":"Hezerul Abdul Karim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7613-4596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hezerul Abdul Karim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Image and Vision Computing (CIVC), COE for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering (FAIE), Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Image and Vision Computing (CIVC), COE for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering (FAIE), Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008671456","https://openalex.org/A5027445807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103434671","https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":7.1673,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96102712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"115","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11553","display_name":"Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13095","display_name":"Plant-based Medicinal Research","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7342509031295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4724852442741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46971434354782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acne","display_name":"Acne","score":0.4187558889389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dermatology","display_name":"Dermatology","score":0.265145480632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1722417175769806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7342509031295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4724852442741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46971434354782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777673923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79928","display_name":"Acne","level":2,"score":0.4187558889389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.265145480632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1722417175769806}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11040115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11040115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/4/115/pdf?version=1744345527","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40278031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40278031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:13826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e986cacbf6c74a7eab4281b6dd8ba37a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e986cacbf6c74a7eab4281b6dd8ba37a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 11, Iss 4, p 115 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12028020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12028020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging11040115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging11040115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/4/115/pdf?version=1744345527","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8591213879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MMUI/240029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313202","funder_display_name":"Multimedia University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313202","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409337983.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409337983.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2937494809","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3110374746","https://openalex.org/W4229441865","https://openalex.org/W4390276074","https://openalex.org/W4393140618","https://openalex.org/W4393156697","https://openalex.org/W4394691080","https://openalex.org/W4399526936","https://openalex.org/W4399800624","https://openalex.org/W4400903077","https://openalex.org/W4401749565","https://openalex.org/W4403678009","https://openalex.org/W4407634462","https://openalex.org/W6762585180","https://openalex.org/W6859707469","https://openalex.org/W6877403237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2122667058","https://openalex.org/W2225096052","https://openalex.org/W2470701574","https://openalex.org/W2144540148","https://openalex.org/W2022619345","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Acne":[0],"is":[1,18,159],"a":[2,50,102,118,123,133,138,193],"prevalent":[3],"skin":[4],"condition":[5],"that":[6,54,168],"can":[7,202],"significantly":[8,203],"impact":[9],"individuals'":[10],"psychological":[11],"and":[12,24,42,78,105,137,199,208],"physiological":[13],"well-being.":[14],"Detecting":[15],"acne":[16,45,70,76,197],"lesions":[17,77],"crucial":[19],"for":[20,57,63,69,196],"improving":[21,92],"dermatological":[22],"care":[23],"providing":[25,175],"timely":[26],"treatment.":[27],"Numerous":[28],"studies":[29],"have":[30],"explored":[31],"the":[32,40,87,93,145,163,166,169,179,185],"application":[33],"of":[34,44,90,121,126,131,135,140,144,165,188],"deep":[35],"learning":[36],"models":[37],"to":[38,161],"enhance":[39,150],"accuracy":[41,120,125],"speed":[43],"diagnoses.":[46],"This":[47,182],"study":[48,183],"introduces":[49],"novel":[51],"hybrid":[52,112],"model":[53,74,98,113,170],"combines":[55],"DeepLabV3":[56,73],"precise":[58],"image":[59,167],"segmentation":[60,81],"with":[61,117],"InceptionV3":[62,84],"classification,":[64,200],"offering":[65,192],"an":[66,128],"enhanced":[67],"solution":[68,195],"detection.":[71],"The":[72,97,111],"isolates":[75],"generates":[79],"accurate":[80],"masks,":[82],"while":[83],"efficiently":[85],"classifies":[86],"different":[88],"types":[89],"acne,":[91],"overall":[94],"diagnostic":[95],"accuracy.":[96],"was":[99],"trained":[100],"using":[101,107],"custom":[103],"dataset":[104],"evaluated":[106],"advanced":[108],"optimization":[109],"techniques.":[110],"achieved":[114],"exceptional":[115],"performances":[116],"validation":[119],"97%,":[122,127],"test":[124],"F1":[129],"score":[130],"0.97,":[132,136,141],"precision":[134],"recall":[139],"surpassing":[142],"many":[143],"existing":[146],"baseline":[147],"models.":[148],"To":[149],"its":[151],"interpretability":[152],"further,":[153],"Grad-CAM":[154],"(Gradient-Weighted":[155],"Class":[156],"Activation":[157],"Mapping)":[158],"utilized":[160],"visualize":[162],"regions":[164],"focuses":[171],"on":[172],"during":[173],"predictions,":[174],"transparent":[176],"insights":[177],"into":[178],"decision-making":[180],"process.":[181],"underscores":[184],"transformative":[186],"potential":[187],"AI":[189],"in":[190],"dermatology,":[191],"robust":[194],"detection":[198],"which":[201],"improve":[204],"clinical":[205],"decision":[206],"making":[207],"patient":[209],"outcomes.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}