{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404072927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10110281","title":"Video WeAther RecoGnition (VARG): An Intensity-Labeled Video Weather Recognition Dataset","display_name":"Video WeAther RecoGnition (VARG): An Intensity-Labeled Video Weather Recognition Dataset","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404072927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10110281","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39590745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging10110281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10110281","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/11/281/pdf?version=1730795451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/11/281/pdf?version=1730795451","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102990088","display_name":"Himanshu Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-7994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26437253","display_name":"\u00d6rebro University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kytsw45","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Himanshu Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-7994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014860319","display_name":"Oleksandr Kotlyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-0132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26437253","display_name":"\u00d6rebro University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kytsw45","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oleksandr Kotlyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-0132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103348137","display_name":"Henrik Andreasson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26437253","display_name":"\u00d6rebro University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kytsw45","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Andreasson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088586617","display_name":"Achim J. Lilienthal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-9326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26437253","display_name":"\u00d6rebro University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kytsw45","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achim J. Lilienthal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden","Perception for Intelligent Systems, Technical University of Munich, 80333 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-9326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, 701 82 \u00d6rebro, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Perception for Intelligent Systems, Technical University of Munich, 80333 M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102990088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1547,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1668},"fwci":0.6634,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67324217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"281","last_page":"281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7633509635925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clips","display_name":"CLIPS","score":0.6021926999092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5840024352073669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4978015422821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4637027382850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-and-snow-mixed","display_name":"Rain and snow mixed","score":0.4318965673446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-station","display_name":"Weather station","score":0.4286656975746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.31818073987960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.20090806484222412}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7633509635925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778739407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165372","display_name":"CLIPS","level":2,"score":0.6021926999092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5840024352073669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4978015422821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4637027382850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9021358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852799","display_name":"Rain and snow mixed","level":3,"score":0.4318965673446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777129202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190107","display_name":"Weather station","level":2,"score":0.4286656975746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.31818073987960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.20090806484222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging10110281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10110281","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/11/281/pdf?version=1730795451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39590745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39590745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11595766","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11595766","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11595766/pdf/jimaging-10-00281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0e8f41234676433598f538331fbbf900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0e8f41234676433598f538331fbbf900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 10, Iss 11, p 281 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1766323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1766323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging10110281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10110281","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/11/281/pdf?version=1730795451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7297823803","display_name":"Educating Europe`s Future Engineers in  Next Generation Heavy Duty Mobile Machinery: Artificial Intelligence driven Robotisation, Energy Efficiency and Process Optimisation","funder_award_id":"858101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8869864247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-06725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404072927.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974292419","https://openalex.org/W2095543923","https://openalex.org/W2144779437","https://openalex.org/W2154673940","https://openalex.org/W2503308866","https://openalex.org/W2789288870","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2893202042","https://openalex.org/W2897876743","https://openalex.org/W2898337423","https://openalex.org/W2901751978","https://openalex.org/W2930755307","https://openalex.org/W2963524571","https://openalex.org/W2991167156","https://openalex.org/W2991485606","https://openalex.org/W3004135102","https://openalex.org/W3034572008","https://openalex.org/W3035682985","https://openalex.org/W3098038213","https://openalex.org/W3098452673","https://openalex.org/W3114281349","https://openalex.org/W3120363534","https://openalex.org/W3206471682","https://openalex.org/W3206598848","https://openalex.org/W4312560592","https://openalex.org/W4312769131","https://openalex.org/W4327692895","https://openalex.org/W4401415770","https://openalex.org/W6678037401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508631465","https://openalex.org/W2282924588","https://openalex.org/W3124714956","https://openalex.org/W1996097711","https://openalex.org/W2329841311","https://openalex.org/W583526638","https://openalex.org/W2353792951","https://openalex.org/W2032051073","https://openalex.org/W2904081599","https://openalex.org/W2000426180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adverse":[0],"weather":[1,24,50,56,71,91,95,129,184,201,222],"(rain,":[2],"snow,":[3,134],"and":[4,29,36,57,114,124,133,141,159,187,209],"fog)":[5],"can":[6],"negatively":[7],"impact":[8],"computer":[9,44],"vision":[10,45],"tasks":[11,46],"by":[12,117],"introducing":[13],"noise":[14,65],"in":[15,33,43,66],"sensor":[16,67],"data;":[17],"therefore,":[18],"it":[19],"is":[20],"essential":[21],"to":[22,48,177,191],"recognize":[23],"conditions":[25],"for":[26,172,199,221],"building":[27],"safe":[28],"robust":[30],"autonomous":[31,37],"systems":[32],"the":[34,53,58,62,118,153,160,174,179,188,193,206],"agricultural":[35],"driving/drone":[38],"sectors.":[39],"The":[40,98,143],"performance":[41],"degradation":[42],"due":[47],"adverse":[49],"depends":[51],"on":[52],"type":[54],"of":[55,64,104,168],"intensity,":[59],"which":[60],"influences":[61],"amount":[63],"data.":[68],"However,":[69],"existing":[70],"recognition":[72,92,219],"datasets":[73],"often":[74],"lack":[75],"intensity":[76,96,137,185,223],"labels,":[77],"limiting":[78],"their":[79],"effectiveness.":[80],"To":[81],"address":[82],"this":[83],"limitation,":[84],"we":[85],"present":[86],"VARG,":[87],"a":[88,101,182,196],"novel":[89],"video-based":[90],"dataset":[93,99,144,207],"with":[94,135,152],"labels.":[97],"comprises":[100],"diverse":[102],"set":[103,155,162,176,190],"short":[105],"video":[106,218],"sequences":[107],"collected":[108],"from":[109,149],"various":[110],"social":[111],"media":[112],"platforms":[113],"videos":[115],"recorded":[116],"authors,":[119],"processed":[120],"into":[121,126],"usable":[122],"clips,":[123],"categorized":[125],"three":[127,136,200],"major":[128],"categories,":[130],"rain,":[131],"fog,":[132],"classes:":[138],"absent/no,":[139],"moderate,":[140],"high.":[142],"contains":[145],"6742":[146],"annotated":[147],"clips":[148,158],"1079":[150],"videos,":[151],"training":[154],"containing":[156,163],"5159":[157],"test":[161],"1583":[164],"clips.":[165],"Two":[166],"sets":[167],"annotations":[169],"are":[170],"provided":[171],"training,":[173],"first":[175],"train":[178,192],"models":[180,194],"as":[181,195],"multi-label":[183],"classifier":[186,198],"second":[189],"multi-class":[197],"scenarios.":[202],"This":[203],"paper":[204],"describes":[205],"characteristics":[208],"presents":[210],"an":[211],"evaluation":[212],"study":[213],"using":[214],"several":[215],"deep":[216],"learning-based":[217],"approaches":[220],"prediction.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}