{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396803931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10050116","title":"When Two Eyes Don\u2019t Suffice\u2014Learning Difficult Hyperfluorescence Segmentations in Retinal Fundus Autofluorescence Images via Ensemble Learning","display_name":"When Two Eyes Don\u2019t Suffice\u2014Learning Difficult Hyperfluorescence Segmentations in Retinal Fundus Autofluorescence Images via Ensemble Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396803931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10050116","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38786570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging10050116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10050116","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/5/116/pdf?version=1715337982","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/5/116/pdf?version=1715337982","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074395199","display_name":"Monty Santarossa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-1367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Monty Santarossa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-1367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080486018","display_name":"Tebbo Tassilo Beyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tebbo Tassilo Beyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051855926","display_name":"A. Scharf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amelie Bernadette Antonia Scharf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064146299","display_name":"Ayse Tatli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayse Tatli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075779604","display_name":"Claus von der Burchard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-5905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claus von der Burchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-5905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092005332","display_name":"Jakob Nazarenus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-2462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Nazarenus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-2462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110137134","display_name":"Johann Roider","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johann Baptist Roider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040944275","display_name":"Reinhard Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-1569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhard Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-1569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074395199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.0737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76854137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"116","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6992135047912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6536743640899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6445939540863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autofluorescence","display_name":"Autofluorescence","score":0.6431285738945007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s\u00f8rensen\u2013dice-coefficient","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","score":0.4756985604763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4554632604122162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.4367785155773163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f1-score","display_name":"F1 score","score":0.4340667426586151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dice","display_name":"Dice","score":0.4326993227005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.42189279198646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.34003883600234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16372519731521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.13451755046844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13424941897392273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6992135047912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6536743640899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6445939540863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179687394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826281","display_name":"Autofluorescence","level":3,"score":0.6431285738945007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163892561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2613728","display_name":"S\u00f8rensen\u2013Dice coefficient","level":4,"score":0.4756985604763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4554632604122162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.4367785155773163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.4340667426586151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22029948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45089","display_name":"Dice","level":2,"score":0.4326993227005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.42189279198646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.34003883600234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16372519731521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.13451755046844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13424941897392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging10050116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10050116","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/5/116/pdf?version=1715337982","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38786570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38786570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11122615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11122615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b1f8631f17f4920b2f3743836122daa","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b1f8631f17f4920b2f3743836122daa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 10, Iss 5, p 116 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging10050116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10050116","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/5/116/pdf?version=1715337982","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7338549998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FKZ 01MK20012E","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323803","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7921272549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FKZ 01MK20012E","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4303701741","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4303701741","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/02vgg2808"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323803","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie","ror":"https://ror.org/02vgg2808"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396803931.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W577825744","https://openalex.org/W1641498739","https://openalex.org/W1762161369","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W2033723371","https://openalex.org/W2049822456","https://openalex.org/W2058333183","https://openalex.org/W2067098972","https://openalex.org/W2074717268","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2124565667","https://openalex.org/W2132513126","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2262607787","https://openalex.org/W2329521208","https://openalex.org/W2394979716","https://openalex.org/W2523612729","https://openalex.org/W2593230217","https://openalex.org/W2606329851","https://openalex.org/W2751069891","https://openalex.org/W2766307827","https://openalex.org/W2768898129","https://openalex.org/W2886801379","https://openalex.org/W2889985731","https://openalex.org/W2939009379","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2971252340","https://openalex.org/W2979410457","https://openalex.org/W2982445058","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3021613070","https://openalex.org/W3046290090","https://openalex.org/W3099319035","https://openalex.org/W3105842011","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W3117626355","https://openalex.org/W3146574081","https://openalex.org/W3167175056","https://openalex.org/W3173245900","https://openalex.org/W4200631545","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4220698616","https://openalex.org/W4221011406","https://openalex.org/W4285140139","https://openalex.org/W4286587373","https://openalex.org/W4306181330","https://openalex.org/W4312139112","https://openalex.org/W4320712969","https://openalex.org/W4366281042","https://openalex.org/W4385219482","https://openalex.org/W4386057777","https://openalex.org/W4388569054","https://openalex.org/W4388740142","https://openalex.org/W4391145615","https://openalex.org/W4393252825","https://openalex.org/W4394997673","https://openalex.org/W4401759745","https://openalex.org/W6746349229","https://openalex.org/W6772461537","https://openalex.org/W6803376173","https://openalex.org/W6810626318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389060404","https://openalex.org/W2973136608","https://openalex.org/W3012828488","https://openalex.org/W4286233748","https://openalex.org/W4254054209","https://openalex.org/W4200334192","https://openalex.org/W4391935352","https://openalex.org/W2952835238","https://openalex.org/W4391129385","https://openalex.org/W4312921649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperfluorescence":[0],"(HF)":[1],"and":[2,77,101,124,150,162,207,225],"reduced":[3],"autofluorescence":[4,11],"(RA)":[5],"are":[6,53,236,250,254],"important":[7,26],"biomarkers":[8,50],"in":[9,31,112,172],"fundus":[10],"images":[12,41,187],"(FAF)":[13],"for":[14,121,127,148,152,205,209],"the":[15,20,58,80,134,157,170,179,192,218,222],"assessment":[16],"of":[17,19,28,116,136,159,181,200,221,262],"health":[18],"retinal":[21],"pigment":[22],"epithelium":[23],"(RPE),":[24],"an":[25,198],"indicator":[27],"disease":[29],"progression":[30],"geographic":[32],"atrophy":[33],"(GA)":[34],"or":[35,55,244],"central":[36],"serous":[37],"chorioretinopathy":[38],"(CSCR).":[39],"Autofluorescence":[40],"have":[42],"been":[43],"annotated":[44,266],"by":[45,267],"human":[46],"raters,":[47],"but":[48],"distinguishing":[49],"(whether":[51],"signals":[52],"increased":[54],"decreased)":[56],"from":[57,186],"normal":[59],"background":[60],"proves":[61],"challenging,":[62],"with":[63,141,188,197,211],"borders":[64],"being":[65],"particularly":[66],"open":[67],"to":[68,169],"interpretation.":[69],"Consequently,":[70],"significant":[71],"variations":[72],"emerge":[73],"among":[74],"different":[75],"graders,":[76],"even":[78,93],"within":[79],"same":[81],"grader":[82],"during":[83],"repeated":[84],"annotations.":[85],"Tests":[86],"on":[87,103],"in-house":[88],"FAF":[89,233],"data":[90,130],"show":[91,132],"that":[92,133,248],"highly":[94],"skilled":[95],"medical":[96],"experts,":[97],"despite":[98],"previously":[99],"discussing":[100],"settling":[102],"precise":[104],"annotation":[105,139],"guidelines,":[106],"reach":[107],"a":[108,113,144,173,182,189,201],"pair-wise":[109],"agreement":[110,135,199],"measured":[111],"Dice":[114,146,203],"score":[115,147,204],"no":[117],"more":[118],"than":[119],"63-80%":[120],"HF":[122,149,161,206,263],"segmentations":[123,231],"only":[125],"14-52%":[126],"RA.":[128,153],"The":[129],"further":[131],"our":[137,213],"primary":[138],"expert":[140],"herself":[142],"is":[143],"72%":[145],"51%":[151],"Given":[154],"these":[155],"numbers,":[156],"task":[158],"automated":[160],"RA":[163,210],"segmentation":[164,174,183],"cannot":[165],"simply":[166],"be":[167],"refined":[168],"improvement":[171],"score.":[175],"Instead,":[176],"we":[177,228],"propose":[178],"use":[180],"ensemble.":[184],"Learning":[185],"single":[190],"annotation,":[191],"ensemble":[193,223],"reaches":[194],"expert-like":[195],"performance":[196],"64-81%":[202],"21-41%":[208],"all":[212,260,268],"experts.":[214,269],"In":[215],"addition,":[216],"utilizing":[217],"mean":[219],"predictions":[220,249],"networks":[224],"their":[226],"variance,":[227],"devise":[229],"ternary":[230],"where":[232,252],"image":[234],"areas":[235],"labeled":[237],"either":[238],"as":[239],"confident":[240,242,255],"background,":[241],"HF,":[243,246],"potential":[245],"ensuring":[247],"reliable":[251],"they":[253],"(97%":[256],"Precision),":[257],"while":[258],"detecting":[259],"instances":[261],"(99%":[264],"Recall)":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}