{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392231694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10030059","title":"Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition Method Based on Randomization and Local Feature Learning","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition Method Based on Randomization and Local Feature Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392231694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10030059","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38535139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging10030059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10030059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/3/59/pdf?version=1709133129","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/3/59/pdf?version=1709133129","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028455806","display_name":"Yanhua H. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-0196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhua Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738665","display_name":"Zhendong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1870-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhendong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1870-9558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359218","display_name":"Juan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9116-6449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084472313","display_name":"Hui Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9910-697X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100738665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.895,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7291527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"59","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8312160968780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7279431819915771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6984502077102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6755921840667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.6178243160247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5765233039855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5597904324531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5464096069335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5090362429618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.478658527135849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4406410753726959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.33249813318252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1174514889717102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8312160968780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7279431819915771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6984502077102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6755921840667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.6178243160247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5765233039855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5597904324531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5464096069335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5090362429618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.478658527135849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4406410753726959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.33249813318252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1174514889717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging10030059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10030059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/3/59/pdf?version=1709133129","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38535139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38535139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10971475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10971475","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10971475/pdf/jimaging-10-00059.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:702e1639040a4daaaab3053bb9bcd0a3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/702e1639040a4daaaab3053bb9bcd0a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging, Vol 10, Iss 3, p 59 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging10030059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10030059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/10/3/59/pdf?version=1709133129","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392231694.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2558151185","https://openalex.org/W2793150943","https://openalex.org/W2798479296","https://openalex.org/W2914794838","https://openalex.org/W2922482186","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2981264804","https://openalex.org/W2990922087","https://openalex.org/W2997170888","https://openalex.org/W3004251986","https://openalex.org/W3027483882","https://openalex.org/W3043238636","https://openalex.org/W3048511172","https://openalex.org/W3087732768","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3165431244","https://openalex.org/W3168750027","https://openalex.org/W3170089550","https://openalex.org/W3179610792","https://openalex.org/W3202536989","https://openalex.org/W4200364420","https://openalex.org/W4210252169","https://openalex.org/W4285787155","https://openalex.org/W4315473438","https://openalex.org/W4319773266","https://openalex.org/W4321192572","https://openalex.org/W4375928872","https://openalex.org/W4387776478","https://openalex.org/W4390872098","https://openalex.org/W6607417710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166031825","https://openalex.org/W2918845005","https://openalex.org/W2040482211","https://openalex.org/W2058325696","https://openalex.org/W2185537520","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Personal":[0],"privacy":[1,8,16,149],"protection":[2,9,17],"has":[3],"been":[4],"extensively":[5],"investigated.":[6],"The":[7,119,140,197],"of":[10,61,75,116,135,147,151,189],"face":[11,15,19,22,85,171,183,190],"recognition":[12,86,129,185,195,198],"applications":[13],"combines":[14],"with":[18],"recognition.":[20,44],"Traditional":[21],"privacy-protection":[23],"methods":[24,186],"encrypt":[25],"or":[26,37],"perturb":[27],"facial":[28,35,103,125,138],"images":[29,36],"for":[30],"protection.":[31],"However,":[32],"the":[33,62,73,76,117,123,128,136,143,148,154,160,166,174,177,181,203],"original":[34],"parameters":[38],"need":[39],"to":[40,113,133,209],"be":[41,55],"restored":[42],"during":[43],"In":[45,157],"this":[46,158],"paper,":[47],"it":[48],"is":[49,70,78,95,111,131,163,200,207],"found":[50],"that":[51,110,134],"faces":[52,69,152],"can":[53],"still":[54],"recognized":[56],"correctly":[57],"when":[58],"only":[59],"some":[60],"high-order":[63],"and":[64,91,105,127,145,169,194,202],"local":[65],"feature":[66],"information":[67,77,192,205],"from":[68],"retained,":[71],"while":[72],"rest":[74],"fuzzed.":[79],"Based":[80],"on":[81,165],"this,":[82],"a":[83,100],"privacy-preserving":[84,184],"method":[87,98,141,162,179],"combining":[88],"random":[89],"convolution":[90],"self-learning":[92],"batch":[93],"normalization":[94],"proposed.":[96],"This":[97],"generates":[99],"privacy-preserved":[101],"scrambled":[102,124],"image":[104,107],"an":[106,114,210],"fuzzy":[108],"degree":[109],"close":[112,208],"encryption":[115,211],"image.":[118,139],"server":[120],"directly":[121],"recognizes":[122],"image,":[126],"accuracy":[130,199],"equivalent":[132],"normal":[137],"ensures":[142],"revocability":[144],"irreversibility":[146],"preserving":[150],"at":[153],"same":[155],"time.":[156],"experiment,":[159],"proposed":[161,178],"tested":[164],"LFW,":[167],"Celeba,":[168],"self-collected":[170],"datasets.":[172],"On":[173],"three":[175],"datasets,":[176],"outperforms":[180],"existing":[182],"in":[187],"terms":[188],"visual":[191,204],"elimination":[193,206],"accuracy.":[196],">99%,":[201],"effect.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-26T13:28:51.108037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}