{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414776058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5040082","title":"Attacking Tropical Stickel Protocol by MILP and Heuristic Optimization Techniques","display_name":"Attacking Tropical Stickel Protocol by MILP and Heuristic Optimization Techniques","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414776058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5040082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5040082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5040082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/4/82/pdf?version=1759470191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/4/82/pdf?version=1759470191","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095842049","display_name":"Sulaiman Alhussaini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sulaiman Alhussaini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043349960","display_name":"Serge\u012d Sergeev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-7431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Serge\u012d Sergeev","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-7431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043349960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":2.2053,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89893969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"82","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5702999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5291000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.482699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inefficiency","display_name":"Inefficiency","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.35690000653266907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5724999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5702999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5291000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.482699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5040082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5040082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/4/82/pdf?version=1759470191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/0f9ad7ec-d139-4831-ba93-df13520e4c8e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/0f9ad7ec-d139-4831-ba93-df13520e4c8e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alhussaini, S & Sergeev, S 2025, 'Attacking Tropical Stickel Protocol by MILP and Heuristic Optimization Techniques', Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, vol. 5, no. 4, 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5040082","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1dfeb356b32844b4ae65771919b74d52","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1dfeb356b32844b4ae65771919b74d52","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, Vol 5, Iss 4, p 82 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5040082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5040082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/4/82/pdf?version=1759470191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414776058.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414776058.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W341186930","https://openalex.org/W1862676808","https://openalex.org/W2017831479","https://openalex.org/W2043380099","https://openalex.org/W2143658255","https://openalex.org/W2163654204","https://openalex.org/W2394939100","https://openalex.org/W2490025593","https://openalex.org/W3037138299","https://openalex.org/W3096989820","https://openalex.org/W4230781079","https://openalex.org/W4295038070","https://openalex.org/W4399930926","https://openalex.org/W4400101550","https://openalex.org/W4402599796","https://openalex.org/W4402949596","https://openalex.org/W4404749615","https://openalex.org/W4405108336","https://openalex.org/W4407642591","https://openalex.org/W4410856622","https://openalex.org/W4412455480"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Known":[0],"attacks":[1,84,152,189],"on":[2,61,85],"the":[3,26,33,37,54,62,65,69,100,110,124,138,144,151,178,182,187],"tropical":[4,86,103],"implementation":[5,111],"of":[6,45,56,64,68,102,112,173],"Stickel":[7,87,113,139],"protocol":[8,88,114],"involve":[9,149],"finding":[10],"minimal":[11],"covers":[12,58],"for":[13,109],"a":[14,95,154,171],"certain":[15,163],"covering":[16,145],"problem,":[17],"and":[18,78,181],"this":[19,46,130],"leads":[20],"to":[21,31,99,136,176,185],"an":[22],"exponential":[23],"growth":[24],"in":[25,51,190],"worst":[27],"case":[28],"time":[29,183],"required":[30,184],"recover":[32],"secret":[34],"key":[35],"as":[36,123,153],"used":[38],"polynomial":[39,93],"degree":[40],"increases.":[41],"The":[42,105],"computational":[43],"inefficiency":[44],"attack":[47,137],"is":[48,59,107],"also":[49,169],"observed":[50],"practice,":[52],"unless":[53],"number":[55,172],"explored":[57],"limited,":[60],"expense":[63],"success":[66,179],"rate":[67,180],"attack.":[70],"Consequently,":[71],"it":[72],"can":[73,80],"be":[74],"argued":[75],"that":[76,141],"Alice":[77],"Bob":[79],"still":[81],"repel":[82],"these":[83],"by":[89],"utilizing":[90],"very":[91],"high":[92],"degrees,":[94],"feasible":[96],"approach":[97],"due":[98],"efficiency":[101],"operations.":[104],"same":[106],"true":[108],"over":[115],"some":[116],"other":[117],"semirings":[118],"with":[119],"idempotent":[120],"addition":[121],"(such":[122],"max\u2013min":[125],"or":[126,161],"digital":[127],"semiring).":[128],"In":[129],"paper,":[131],"we":[132],"propose":[133],"alternative":[134],"methods":[135,148],"protocols":[140],"avoid":[142],"solving":[143],"problem.":[146],"These":[147],"framing":[150],"mixed":[155],"integer":[156],"linear":[157],"programming":[158],"(MILP)":[159],"problem":[160],"applying":[162],"heuristic":[164],"global":[165],"optimization":[166],"techniques.":[167],"We":[168],"include":[170],"numerical":[174],"experiments":[175],"analyze":[177],"execute":[186],"suggested":[188],"practice.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-23T07:36:19.812096","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}