{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413950703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5030064","title":"Towards Analyzable Design Paradigms for Chaos-Based Cryptographic Primitives","display_name":"Towards Analyzable Design Paradigms for Chaos-Based Cryptographic Primitives","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413950703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5030064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5030064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5030064","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/3/64/pdf?version=1756891828","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/3/64/pdf?version=1756891828","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020514882","display_name":"Abubakar Abba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9240-232X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097403","display_name":"Federal College of Education, Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/00wqp8t15","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097403"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148832","display_name":"Federal University Kashere","ror":"https://ror.org/0470nf974","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148832"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abubakar Abba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Education, FUE, Kaduna 1041, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6990-7351","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Education, FUE, Kaduna 1041, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097403","https://openalex.org/I4210148832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068070930","display_name":"Je Sen Teh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-4148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Je Sen Teh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3216, Australia","School of IT, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3216, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-4148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3216, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IT, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3216, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055271663","display_name":"Mohd Najwadi Yusoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-0315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Najwadi Yusoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-0315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031756670","display_name":"Adnan Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3916-1381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3216, Australia","School of IT, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3216, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3916-1381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3216, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IT, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3216, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020514882","https://openalex.org/A5068070930"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539","https://openalex.org/I4210097403","https://openalex.org/I4210148832"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.4615,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63882696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"64","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaos","display_name":"CHAOS (operating system)","score":0.754874050617218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.7075079083442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6638725996017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5741240382194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.39352089166641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.33631592988967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22064009308815002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779374083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011038","display_name":"CHAOS (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.754874050617218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.7075079083442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6638725996017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5741240382194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.39352089166641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.33631592988967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22064009308815002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5030064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5030064","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/3/64/pdf?version=1756891828","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:52981d5486824dfb8672b0f3e88d6478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/52981d5486824dfb8672b0f3e88d6478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, Vol 5, Iss 3, p 64 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/30100528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Towards_Analyzable_Design_Paradigms_for_Chaos-Based_Cryptographic_Primitives/30100528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5030064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5030064","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/3/64/pdf?version=1756891828","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2735288290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1001/PKOMP/8580013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","funder_display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413950703.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413950703.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481972931","https://openalex.org/W1502839034","https://openalex.org/W1590392383","https://openalex.org/W2025266594","https://openalex.org/W2073944348","https://openalex.org/W2121352877","https://openalex.org/W2124394116","https://openalex.org/W2425286230","https://openalex.org/W2604322561","https://openalex.org/W2745264798","https://openalex.org/W2782885162","https://openalex.org/W2810072183","https://openalex.org/W2811350001","https://openalex.org/W2897961929","https://openalex.org/W2901111372","https://openalex.org/W2903339439","https://openalex.org/W2912584642","https://openalex.org/W2918149988","https://openalex.org/W2924674406","https://openalex.org/W2928111998","https://openalex.org/W2951676679","https://openalex.org/W2957457698","https://openalex.org/W2964333183","https://openalex.org/W2990382114","https://openalex.org/W3019715301","https://openalex.org/W3037826251","https://openalex.org/W3093752067","https://openalex.org/W3107861097","https://openalex.org/W3110303856","https://openalex.org/W3184593118","https://openalex.org/W3204364773","https://openalex.org/W4210663935","https://openalex.org/W4213452758","https://openalex.org/W4220860940","https://openalex.org/W4220864637","https://openalex.org/W4225857800","https://openalex.org/W4239460744","https://openalex.org/W4250883246","https://openalex.org/W4385486455","https://openalex.org/W4400975332","https://openalex.org/W4404038034","https://openalex.org/W4404757898","https://openalex.org/W4405438683","https://openalex.org/W4407939623","https://openalex.org/W4408012028","https://openalex.org/W4408699641","https://openalex.org/W4409870708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904818008","https://openalex.org/W2904314268","https://openalex.org/W1982325601","https://openalex.org/W4240432851","https://openalex.org/W2289378658","https://openalex.org/W1531360494","https://openalex.org/W1988007309","https://openalex.org/W154233216","https://openalex.org/W2023361932","https://openalex.org/W66756909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"many":[1],"chaos-based":[2,54,91,122,146,183],"cryptosystems":[3,184],"have":[4,12,114],"been":[5],"proposed":[6],"over":[7],"the":[8,78,111,129,180],"past":[9],"decade,":[10],"they":[11],"yet":[13],"to":[14,103,158,171,198],"gain":[15],"traction":[16],"in":[17,110,128,152],"real-world":[18],"applications.":[19],"A":[20],"key":[21],"reason":[22],"for":[23,89],"this":[24,45,49],"is":[25],"that":[26,38,53,83,96,108,164,172,182],"most":[27],"designs":[28],"rely":[29,187],"on":[30,77,188],"security":[31,135],"through":[32,137],"obscurity,":[33],"with":[34,144],"unnecessarily":[35],"complex":[36,190],"structures":[37],"hinder":[39],"cryptanalysis":[40],"and":[41,107,192,202],"formal":[42],"evaluation.":[43],"In":[44],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,69,119,149],"challenge":[48],"trend":[50],"by":[51],"showing":[52],"ciphers":[55],"can":[56,193],"be":[57],"constructed":[58],"using":[59],"conventional,":[60],"well-understood":[61],"cryptographic":[62],"design":[63],"paradigms":[64],"without":[65],"sacrificing":[66],"performance.":[67],"First,":[68],"present":[70],"a":[71,115,121,141,167],"minimalistic":[72],"image":[73,147,159,175],"encryption":[74],"scheme":[75],"based":[76],"substitution\u2013permutation":[79],"network":[80],"(SPN),":[81],"demonstrating":[82],"it":[84],"satisfies":[85],"widely":[86],"accepted":[87],"criteria":[88],"evaluating":[90],"ciphers.":[92,176],"We":[93],"further":[94],"show":[95,163],"simple,":[97],"low-dimensional":[98],"chaotic":[99],"maps":[100],"are":[101],"sufficient":[102],"eliminate":[104],"statistical":[105,168],"biases":[106],"variations":[109],"underlying":[112],"map":[113],"negligible":[116],"impact.":[117],"Second,":[118],"propose":[120],"Feistel":[123,131],"block":[124,154],"cipher":[125,153],"(CFBC)":[126],"grounded":[127],"generalized":[130],"network,":[132],"enabling":[133],"standard":[134],"evaluation":[136],"differential":[138],"cryptanalysis.":[139],"As":[140],"direct":[142],"comparison":[143],"existing":[145],"ciphers,":[148],"apply":[150],"CFBC":[151,165],"chaining":[155],"(CBC)":[156],"mode":[157],"encryption.":[160],"Experimental":[161],"results":[162],"achieves":[166],"performance":[169],"comparable":[170],"of":[173],"state-of-the-art":[174],"Our":[177],"findings":[178],"reinforce":[179],"idea":[181],"need":[185],"not":[186],"overly":[189],"constructions":[191],"instead":[194],"adopt":[195],"established":[196],"principles":[197],"become":[199],"more":[200],"analyzable":[201],"robust.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
