{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411699599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5030037","title":"A Trust-Aware Incentive Mechanism for Federated Learning with Heterogeneous Clients in Edge Computing","display_name":"A Trust-Aware Incentive Mechanism for Federated Learning with Heterogeneous Clients in Edge Computing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411699599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5030037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5030037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5030037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/3/37/pdf?version=1750860337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/3/37/pdf?version=1750860337","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032955992","display_name":"Jiantao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8854-7519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiantao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu 965-8580, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8854-7519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu 965-8580, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374147","display_name":"Chen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8878-0560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu 965-8580, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8878-0560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu 965-8580, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100967079","display_name":"Jin Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu 965-8580, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2113-514X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu 965-8580, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045817362","display_name":"Chunhua Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-9684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu 965-8580, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-9684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu 965-8580, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045817362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1114},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1114},"fwci":8.5655,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97315236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"37","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.764021635055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.7255671620368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5947670936584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5764898061752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.48535314202308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3781123459339142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.37689208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.35997432470321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16932374238967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.1655585765838623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.764021635055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7255671620368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5947670936584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5764898061752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.48535314202308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3781123459339142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.37689208984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.35997432470321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16932374238967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1655585765838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5030037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5030037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/3/37/pdf?version=1750860337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b2af1fc2cf8d4af5ad4cf22fe52873ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b2af1fc2cf8d4af5ad4cf22fe52873ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, Vol 5, Iss 3, p 37 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5030037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5030037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/5/3/37/pdf?version=1750860337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2105962504","display_name":"Physical Layer-based Cryptographic Key Management and Data Reliability Assurance for Smart IoT Environments","funder_award_id":"23K11103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411699599.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411699599.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3015314850","https://openalex.org/W3047380981","https://openalex.org/W3082537519","https://openalex.org/W3160147580","https://openalex.org/W3193967641","https://openalex.org/W4220934571","https://openalex.org/W4281778696","https://openalex.org/W4285309724","https://openalex.org/W4293233981","https://openalex.org/W4297684215","https://openalex.org/W4297911812","https://openalex.org/W4312741232","https://openalex.org/W4317504316","https://openalex.org/W4321500029","https://openalex.org/W4323519261","https://openalex.org/W4362653673","https://openalex.org/W4376457874","https://openalex.org/W4385489464","https://openalex.org/W4390045872","https://openalex.org/W4390660272","https://openalex.org/W4390678401","https://openalex.org/W4392907478","https://openalex.org/W4394712446","https://openalex.org/W4395680622","https://openalex.org/W4396822207","https://openalex.org/W4398184798","https://openalex.org/W4399147145","https://openalex.org/W4399163425","https://openalex.org/W4399474201","https://openalex.org/W4399908491","https://openalex.org/W4400076000","https://openalex.org/W4400975473","https://openalex.org/W4402157158","https://openalex.org/W4402811757","https://openalex.org/W4402835718","https://openalex.org/W4403429393","https://openalex.org/W4404681428","https://openalex.org/W4404872444","https://openalex.org/W4404969247","https://openalex.org/W4405361194","https://openalex.org/W4405655791","https://openalex.org/W4406027467","https://openalex.org/W4406269727","https://openalex.org/W4410583437","https://openalex.org/W6839016350","https://openalex.org/W6860479577","https://openalex.org/W6874148034","https://openalex.org/W6876217739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367468089","https://openalex.org/W2358591856","https://openalex.org/W2355932053","https://openalex.org/W2366296021","https://openalex.org/W2382571223","https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W2914646191","https://openalex.org/W3023564924","https://openalex.org/W2942586735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1],"enables":[2],"privacy-preserving":[3],"model":[4,60],"training":[5],"across":[6],"distributed":[7],"clients,":[8],"yet":[9],"real-world":[10],"deployments":[11],"face":[12],"statistical,":[13],"system,":[14],"and":[15,21,38,66,79,98,118,133],"behavioral":[16],"heterogeneity,":[17],"which":[18,52],"degrades":[19],"performance":[20,110],"increases":[22],"vulnerability":[23],"to":[24,35,87,107],"adversarial":[25],"clients.":[26],"Existing":[27],"incentive":[28,121],"mechanisms":[29],"often":[30],"neglect":[31],"participant":[32],"credibility,":[33],"leading":[34],"unfair":[36],"rewards":[37],"reduced":[39],"robustness.":[40],"To":[41],"address":[42],"these":[43],"issues,":[44],"we":[45],"propose":[46],"a":[47,57,76,80,124,131],"Trust-Aware":[48],"Incentive":[49],"Mechanism":[50],"(TAIM),":[51],"evaluates":[53],"client":[54],"reliability":[55],"through":[56],"multi-dimensional":[58],"trust":[59],"incorporating":[61],"participation":[62],"frequency,":[63],"gradient":[64],"consistency,":[65],"contribution":[67],"effectiveness.":[68],"A":[69],"trust-weighted":[70],"reward":[71],"allocation":[72],"is":[73,85],"formulated":[74],"via":[75],"Stackelberg":[77],"game,":[78],"confidence-based":[81],"soft":[82],"filtering":[83],"algorithm":[84],"introduced":[86],"mitigate":[88],"the":[89],"impact":[90],"of":[91],"unreliable":[92],"updates.":[93],"Experiments":[94],"on":[95],"FEMNIST,":[96],"CIFAR-10,":[97],"Sent140":[99],"demonstrate":[100],"that":[101],"TAIM":[102,129],"improves":[103],"accuracy":[104],"by":[105,115],"up":[106],"4.1%,":[108],"reduces":[109],"degradation":[111],"under":[112],"adaptive":[113],"attacks":[114],"over":[116],"35%,":[117],"ensures":[119],"fairer":[120],"distribution":[122],"with":[123],"Gini":[125],"coefficient":[126],"below":[127],"0.3.":[128],"offers":[130],"robust":[132],"equitable":[134],"FL":[135],"framework":[136],"suitable":[137],"for":[138],"heterogeneous":[139],"edge":[140],"environments.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}