{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408646514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5010010","title":"Machine Learning-Based Attack Detection and Mitigation with Multi-Controller Placement Optimization over SDN Environment","display_name":"Machine Learning-Based Attack Detection and Mitigation with Multi-Controller Placement Optimization over SDN Environment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408646514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5010010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5010010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5010010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5010010","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090040591","display_name":"Binod Sapkota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9418-0092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129773","display_name":"Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ny67e60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263138","display_name":"Pulchowk Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/034bmrt60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binod Sapkota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44613, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9418-0092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44613, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041908980","display_name":"Arjun Ray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-5863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129773","display_name":"Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ny67e60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263138","display_name":"Pulchowk Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/034bmrt60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjun Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44613, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44613, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078623740","display_name":"Manish Kumar Yadav","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129773","display_name":"Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ny67e60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263138","display_name":"Pulchowk Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/034bmrt60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manish Kumar Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44613, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9730-2778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44613, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035738712","display_name":"Babu R. Dawadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6449-399X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129773","display_name":"Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ny67e60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263138","display_name":"Pulchowk Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/034bmrt60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Babu R. Dawadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44613, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6449-399X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44613, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002765593","display_name":"Shashidhar R. Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-0495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129773","display_name":"Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ny67e60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263138","display_name":"Pulchowk Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/034bmrt60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shashidhar R. Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44613, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44613, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035738712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773","https://openalex.org/I4405263138"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":2.9359,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90730771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"10","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6053436994552612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.45985016226768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3489362597465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34546124935150146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6053436994552612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.45985016226768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3489362597465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34546124935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5010010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5010010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c217642c146441483b1debff8be9ec0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1c217642c146441483b1debff8be9ec0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 10 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp5010010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp5010010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1987111416","https://openalex.org/W2108756032","https://openalex.org/W2118404561","https://openalex.org/W2160642098","https://openalex.org/W2774705049","https://openalex.org/W2775132284","https://openalex.org/W2797056518","https://openalex.org/W2897664178","https://openalex.org/W2944509736","https://openalex.org/W2946361217","https://openalex.org/W2952314417","https://openalex.org/W2967370265","https://openalex.org/W2970145645","https://openalex.org/W3010102451","https://openalex.org/W3036012999","https://openalex.org/W3046737022","https://openalex.org/W3047284900","https://openalex.org/W3093659890","https://openalex.org/W3118500401","https://openalex.org/W3126855403","https://openalex.org/W3127774337","https://openalex.org/W3134696756","https://openalex.org/W3136990693","https://openalex.org/W3161554626","https://openalex.org/W3164506068","https://openalex.org/W4210878212","https://openalex.org/W4224046934","https://openalex.org/W4280573973","https://openalex.org/W4285781363","https://openalex.org/W4320496375","https://openalex.org/W4381735918","https://openalex.org/W4385247300","https://openalex.org/W4387010442","https://openalex.org/W4388115676","https://openalex.org/W4388296528","https://openalex.org/W4390798705","https://openalex.org/W4401278076","https://openalex.org/W4403721765","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6790383498","https://openalex.org/W6838380449","https://openalex.org/W6854708872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,131],"increasing":[1],"complexity":[2],"and":[3,38,50,69,79,84,97,104,109,122,129,151],"scale":[4],"of":[5,71,75,106],"modern":[6],"software-defined":[7,55],"networking":[8,56],"demands":[9],"advanced":[10],"solutions":[11],"to":[12,29,95],"address":[13],"security":[14],"challenges,":[15],"particularly":[16],"distributed":[17],"denial-of-service":[18],"(DDoS)":[19],"attacks":[20,99],"in":[21,81,141],"multi-controller":[22,54],"environments.":[23],"Traditional":[24],"single-controller":[25],"implementations":[26],"are":[27],"struggling":[28],"effectively":[30],"counter":[31],"sophisticated":[32],"cyber":[33],"threats,":[34],"necessitating":[35],"a":[36,44],"faster":[37],"scalable":[39],"solution.":[40],"This":[41],"study":[42,63],"introduces":[43],"novel":[45],"approach":[46],"for":[47,124],"attack":[48,127],"detection":[49,87,128],"mitigation":[51],"with":[52,101],"optimized":[53],"(SDN)":[57],"using":[58,77,90],"machine":[59],"learning":[60],"(ML).":[61],"focuses":[64],"on":[65],"the":[66,72,91,113,117,146],"design,":[67],"implementation,":[68],"assessment":[70],"optimal":[73],"placement":[74,148],"multi-controllers":[76],"K-means++":[78],"OPTICS":[80],"real":[82],"topologies":[83],"an":[85],"intrusion":[86],"system":[88],"(IDS)":[89],"XGBoost":[92],"classification":[93],"algorithm":[94],"detect":[96],"mitigate":[98],"efficiently":[100],"accuracy,":[102],"precision,":[103],"recall":[105],"98.5%,":[107],"97.0%,":[108,110],"respectively.":[111],"Additionally,":[112],"IDS":[114],"decouples":[115],"from":[116],"controllers,":[118],"preserves":[119],"controller":[120,147],"resources,":[121],"allows":[123],"efficient":[125],"near-real-time":[126],"mitigation.":[130],"proposed":[132],"solution":[133],"outperforms":[134],"well":[135],"by":[136],"autonomously":[137],"identifying":[138],"anomalous":[139],"behaviors":[140],"networks":[142],"through":[143],"successfully":[144],"combining":[145],"problem":[149],"(CPP)":[150],"DDoS":[152],"security.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
