{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396925312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp4020016","title":"Understanding and Classifying Permanent Denial-of-Service Attacks","display_name":"Understanding and Classifying Permanent Denial-of-Service Attacks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396925312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp4020016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp4020016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp4020016","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/4/2/16/pdf?version=1715410192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/4/2/16/pdf?version=1715410192","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030966496","display_name":"Stanislav Abaimov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2441-4710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stanislav Abaimov","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030966496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"fwci":2.8873,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91042553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"324","last_page":"339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial","display_name":"Denial","score":0.722212016582489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.7138416767120361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.576774537563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.46337878704071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4004569351673126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3793294429779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3764422535896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3754602372646332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14009690284729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychoanalysis","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","score":0.13634422421455383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100268981","display_name":"Denial","level":2,"score":0.722212016582489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.7138416767120361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.576774537563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.46337878704071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4004569351673126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3793294429779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3764422535896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3754602372646332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14009690284729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.13634422421455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp4020016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp4020016","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/4/2/16/pdf?version=1715410192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:adac56dda2c64a1885a199bdb721b690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/adac56dda2c64a1885a199bdb721b690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 324-339 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp4020016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp4020016","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/4/2/16/pdf?version=1715410192","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396925312.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119359024","https://openalex.org/W2514382028","https://openalex.org/W2742682864","https://openalex.org/W2796791937","https://openalex.org/W2802525389","https://openalex.org/W3082732123","https://openalex.org/W3130826665","https://openalex.org/W4311625854","https://openalex.org/W4361770927","https://openalex.org/W6751190378","https://openalex.org/W6790491957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035091929","https://openalex.org/W2161226151","https://openalex.org/W2765658188","https://openalex.org/W2235209299","https://openalex.org/W4230824443","https://openalex.org/W4377970398","https://openalex.org/W3026018975","https://openalex.org/W2185673024","https://openalex.org/W1484565796","https://openalex.org/W2142794587"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,22,53,63,124,128,136,147],"evolving":[2],"landscape":[3],"of":[4,18,55,72,115],"cybersecurity":[5],"threats,":[6],"permanent":[7],"denial-of-service":[8,25],"(PDoS)":[9],"attacks":[10,33,152],"have":[11],"emerged":[12],"as":[13],"a":[14,86],"particularly":[15],"damaging":[16],"form":[17],"cyber":[19],"aggression.":[20],"Unlike":[21],"more":[23],"well-known":[24],"(DoS)":[26],"attacks,":[27,74],"which":[28,127],"disrupt":[29],"services":[30],"temporarily,":[31],"PDoS":[32,73,116,151],"aim":[34],"to":[35,39,61,104,145],"inflict":[36],"irreversible":[37],"damage":[38],"systems,":[40],"often":[41],"resulting":[42],"in":[43,126,153],"significant":[44],"system":[45],"overhauls":[46],"and":[47,81,95,108,141],"requiring":[48],"hardware":[49],"replacement.":[50],"To":[51],"enable":[52],"development":[54],"effective":[56],"security":[57],"measures,":[58],"but":[59],"also":[60,122],"address":[62],"knowledge":[64],"gaps,":[65],"this":[66,90],"paper":[67],"presents":[68],"an":[69],"in-depth":[70],"exploration":[71],"emphasizing":[75],"their":[76],"distinguishing":[77],"characteristics,":[78],"underlying":[79],"mechanisms,":[80],"potential":[82],"further":[83],"development.":[84],"Through":[85],"comprehensive":[87],"case":[88],"study,":[89],"research":[91],"highlights":[92],"diverse":[93],"tactics":[94],"strategies":[96],"employed":[97],"by":[98,150],"attackers,":[99],"from":[100],"targeting":[101],"IoT":[102],"devices":[103],"manipulating":[105],"boot":[106],"processes":[107],"exploiting":[109],"firmware":[110],"vulnerabilities.":[111],"A":[112],"novel":[113],"classification":[114],"attack":[117],"vectors":[118],"is":[119],"proposed":[120],"that":[121],"explains":[123],"ways":[125],"systems":[129],"can":[130],"be":[131],"compromised.":[132],"The":[133],"findings":[134],"confirm":[135],"pressing":[137],"need":[138],"for":[139],"adaptive":[140],"robust":[142],"defense":[143],"mechanisms":[144],"mitigate":[146],"threats":[148],"posed":[149],"our":[154],"interconnected":[155],"digital":[156],"world.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}