{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200532024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp1040036","title":"Users\u2019 Privacy Attitudes towards the Use of Behavioral Biometrics Continuous Authentication (BBCA) Technologies: A Protection Motivation Theory Approach","display_name":"Users\u2019 Privacy Attitudes towards the Use of Behavioral Biometrics Continuous Authentication (BBCA) Technologies: A Protection Motivation Theory Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200532024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp1040036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp1040036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp1040036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/1/4/36/pdf?version=1638870318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/1/4/36/pdf?version=1638870318","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005724069","display_name":"\u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-2047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Skalkos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-2047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050838134","display_name":"Ioannis Stylios","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Stylios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103142090","display_name":"Maria Karyda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9402-8570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Karyda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089467866","display_name":"Spyros Kokolakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6255-1922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spyros Kokolakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, 83200 Samos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005724069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"fwci":6.8341,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96690384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"743","last_page":"766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7323412299156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.7041010856628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5914690494537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.48951494693756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-acceptance-model","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","score":0.4856189787387848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-theory-of-acceptance-and-use-of-technology","display_name":"Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","score":0.46697545051574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.45646822452545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41476133465766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19053524732589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.18747687339782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-influence","display_name":"Social influence","score":0.18142718076705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.17813092470169067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.08351224660873413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7323412299156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.7041010856628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5914690494537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48951494693756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112945","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","level":3,"score":0.4856189787387848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780346085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7884986","display_name":"Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","level":3,"score":0.46697545051574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.45646822452545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41476133465766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19053524732589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.18747687339782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131158328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307337","display_name":"Social influence","level":2,"score":0.18142718076705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.17813092470169067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.08351224660873413}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp1040036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp1040036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/1/4/36/pdf?version=1638870318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:89271e36062e413f97acc7bccab3a8cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/89271e36062e413f97acc7bccab3a8cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, Vol 1, Iss 4, Pp 743-766 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp1040036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp1040036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/1/4/36/pdf?version=1638870318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200532024.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200532024.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":102,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W324885528","https://openalex.org/W645926012","https://openalex.org/W1483327747","https://openalex.org/W1532708211","https://openalex.org/W1545612752","https://openalex.org/W1591059668","https://openalex.org/W1708393801","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1863383349","https://openalex.org/W1964088509","https://openalex.org/W1970809283","https://openalex.org/W1970951430","https://openalex.org/W1978028214","https://openalex.org/W1992385163","https://openalex.org/W1992519358","https://openalex.org/W2008641458","https://openalex.org/W2016310229","https://openalex.org/W2018736781","https://openalex.org/W2019693211","https://openalex.org/W2024488177","https://openalex.org/W2024981255","https://openalex.org/W2025043113","https://openalex.org/W2025829466","https://openalex.org/W2030077580","https://openalex.org/W2033213440","https://openalex.org/W2034684087","https://openalex.org/W2049907830","https://openalex.org/W2050983728","https://openalex.org/W2055356737","https://openalex.org/W2056847254","https://openalex.org/W2057366964","https://openalex.org/W2061935394","https://openalex.org/W2067393553","https://openalex.org/W2073396684","https://openalex.org/W2081430061","https://openalex.org/W2088157437","https://openalex.org/W2098685541","https://openalex.org/W2101628361","https://openalex.org/W2109288956","https://openalex.org/W2112149259","https://openalex.org/W2112238177","https://openalex.org/W2129100925","https://openalex.org/W2129347810","https://openalex.org/W2131703669","https://openalex.org/W2143235290","https://openalex.org/W2145510968","https://openalex.org/W2148970282","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2162061662","https://openalex.org/W2163241745","https://openalex.org/W2167476007","https://openalex.org/W2168781129","https://openalex.org/W2169203263","https://openalex.org/W2189556457","https://openalex.org/W2198321343","https://openalex.org/W2213813610","https://openalex.org/W2291072898","https://openalex.org/W2317918684","https://openalex.org/W2324076412","https://openalex.org/W2325135768","https://openalex.org/W2327510090","https://openalex.org/W2329442499","https://openalex.org/W2345450995","https://openalex.org/W2401868836","https://openalex.org/W2462140186","https://openalex.org/W2471556897","https://openalex.org/W2471998880","https://openalex.org/W2501860711","https://openalex.org/W2503241677","https://openalex.org/W2508383655","https://openalex.org/W2531157766","https://openalex.org/W2535614671","https://openalex.org/W2537391562","https://openalex.org/W2583237626","https://openalex.org/W2617336958","https://openalex.org/W2795032667","https://openalex.org/W2797167281","https://openalex.org/W2889260665","https://openalex.org/W2896053734","https://openalex.org/W2941399275","https://openalex.org/W2953707841","https://openalex.org/W2973224598","https://openalex.org/W2998187054","https://openalex.org/W3008580541","https://openalex.org/W3036554922","https://openalex.org/W3039046897","https://openalex.org/W3081559749","https://openalex.org/W3081630347","https://openalex.org/W3096306043","https://openalex.org/W3102532295","https://openalex.org/W3102564129","https://openalex.org/W3105087512","https://openalex.org/W3124799491","https://openalex.org/W3137354534","https://openalex.org/W4210512452","https://openalex.org/W4238211806","https://openalex.org/W4242428868","https://openalex.org/W4253956935","https://openalex.org/W6606374575","https://openalex.org/W6639270240","https://openalex.org/W6713647368","https://openalex.org/W6732705475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2946465479","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W3017071961","https://openalex.org/W2319311595","https://openalex.org/W2155866696","https://openalex.org/W1538952094","https://openalex.org/W3104966193","https://openalex.org/W4310376527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smartphone":[0],"user":[1],"authentication":[2,48],"based":[3],"on":[4,42,68,128],"passwords,":[5],"PINs,":[6],"and":[7,29,50,79,158],"touch":[8],"patterns":[9],"raises":[10],"several":[11],"security":[12,28,161],"concerns.":[13,32],"Behavioral":[14],"Biometrics":[15],"Continuous":[16],"Authentication":[17],"(BBCA)":[18],"technologies":[19,38],"provide":[20],"a":[21,65,69,125],"promising":[22],"solution":[23],"which":[24,103],"can":[25,104],"increase":[26],"smartphone":[27,90],"mitigate":[30],"users\u2019":[31,55,73,106,178],"Until":[33],"now,":[34],"research":[35],"in":[36,77],"BBCA":[37,110,122,147,165,181],"has":[39],"mainly":[40],"focused":[41],"developing":[43],"novel":[44],"behavioral":[45],"biometrics":[46],"continuous":[47],"systems":[49],"their":[51],"technical":[52],"characteristics,":[53],"overlooking":[54],"attitudes":[56],"towards":[57,118],"BBCA.":[58],"To":[59],"address":[60],"this":[61],"gap,":[62],"we":[63,139],"conducted":[64,93],"study":[66],"grounded":[67],"model":[70],"that":[71,115,141,156],"integrates":[72],"privacy":[74,116],"concerns,":[75],"trust":[76],"technology,":[78],"innovativeness":[80],"with":[81],"Protection":[82],"Motivation":[83],"Theory.":[84],"A":[85],"cross-sectional":[86],"survey":[87],"among":[88],"778":[89],"users":[91],"was":[92],"via":[94],"Amazon":[95],"Mechanical":[96],"Turk":[97],"(MTurk)":[98],"to":[99,108,120,134],"explore":[100],"the":[101,143,154,174],"factors":[102],"predict":[105],"intention":[107,119,145],"use":[109,121],"technologies.":[111],"Our":[112,151],"findings":[113,152],"demonstrate":[114],"concerns":[117],"technology":[123,148],"have":[124],"significant":[126],"impact":[127],"all":[129],"components":[130],"of":[131,146,160,176],"PMT.":[132],"Further":[133],"this,":[135],"another":[136],"important":[137,167],"construct":[138],"identified":[140],"affects":[142],"usage":[144],"is":[149],"innovativeness.":[150],"posit":[153],"view":[155],"reliability":[157],"trustworthiness":[159],"technologies,":[162],"such":[163],"as":[164],"are":[166],"for":[168],"users.":[169],"Together,":[170],"these":[171],"results":[172],"highlighted":[173],"importance":[175],"addressing":[177],"perceptions":[179],"regarding":[180],"technology.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
