{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136448637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp1010009","title":"Secure and Privacy-Aware Blockchain Design: Requirements, Challenges and Solutions","display_name":"Secure and Privacy-Aware Blockchain Design: Requirements, Challenges and Solutions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136448637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp1010009","mag":"3136448637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp1010009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp1010009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/1/1/9/pdf?version=1616557449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/1/1/9/pdf?version=1616557449","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076146676","display_name":"Sidra Aslam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7020-1762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118905719","display_name":"University of Primorska","ror":"https://ror.org/05xefg082","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118905719"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738086","display_name":"InnoRenew CoE","ror":"https://ror.org/0538nf417","country_code":"SI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738086"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidra Aslam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper 6000, Slovenia","InnoRenew CoE, Izola 6310, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7020-1762","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper 6000, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118905719"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"InnoRenew CoE, Izola 6310, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054186603","display_name":"Aleksandar To\u0161i\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5627-4420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118905719","display_name":"University of Primorska","ror":"https://ror.org/05xefg082","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118905719"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738086","display_name":"InnoRenew CoE","ror":"https://ror.org/0538nf417","country_code":"SI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738086"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandar To\u0161i\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper 6000, Slovenia","InnoRenew CoE, Izola 6310, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5627-4420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper 6000, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118905719"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"InnoRenew CoE, Izola 6310, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738086"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045943972","display_name":"Micha\u00ebl Mrissa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-1004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118905719","display_name":"University of Primorska","ror":"https://ror.org/05xefg082","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118905719"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738086","display_name":"InnoRenew CoE","ror":"https://ror.org/0538nf417","country_code":"SI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4392738086"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Mrissa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper 6000, Slovenia","InnoRenew CoE, Izola 6310, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-1004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper 6000, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118905719"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"InnoRenew CoE, Izola 6310, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738086"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045943972"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118905719","https://openalex.org/I4392738086"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1082},"fwci":4.5497,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94849431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"164","last_page":"194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9613815546035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.7668982148170471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7177125811576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6748566627502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4892418384552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.43501508235931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.41688451170921326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9613815546035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.7668982148170471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7177125811576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6748566627502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4892418384552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.43501508235931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.41688451170921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp1010009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp1010009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/1/1/9/pdf?version=1616557449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:4603564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4603564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy 1(1)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcp1010009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcp1010009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2624-800X/1/1/9/pdf?version=1616557449","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232532","display_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","issn_l":"2624-800X","issn":["2624-800X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2871630000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J2-2504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5460322175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"739574","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8170149473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"739574","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8550718977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"739574","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","ror":"https://ror.org/059bp8k51"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136448637.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3136448637.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35790489","https://openalex.org/W416692946","https://openalex.org/W1569083856","https://openalex.org/W1589846406","https://openalex.org/W1592092778","https://openalex.org/W1595797875","https://openalex.org/W1650977141","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1788452017","https://openalex.org/W1910390680","https://openalex.org/W1974997379","https://openalex.org/W1976066853","https://openalex.org/W1976420017","https://openalex.org/W2005725110","https://openalex.org/W2010122144","https://openalex.org/W2011095011","https://openalex.org/W2020805258","https://openalex.org/W2031714952","https://openalex.org/W2034313414","https://openalex.org/W2043525604","https://openalex.org/W2049238156","https://openalex.org/W2052806235","https://openalex.org/W2054006031","https://openalex.org/W2057826593","https://openalex.org/W2063531831","https://openalex.org/W2095259695","https://openalex.org/W2098331493","https://openalex.org/W2105375623","https://openalex.org/W2107689334","https://openalex.org/W2127222347","https://openalex.org/W2128660573","https://openalex.org/W2129483619","https://openalex.org/W2134167315","https://openalex.org/W2136114025","https://openalex.org/W2136283325","https://openalex.org/W2142291269","https://openalex.org/W2148645909","https://openalex.org/W2151460988","https://openalex.org/W2152924492","https://openalex.org/W2153023131","https://openalex.org/W2156243434","https://openalex.org/W2161742562","https://openalex.org/W2182933069","https://openalex.org/W2183126124","https://openalex.org/W2196084527","https://openalex.org/W2199222259","https://openalex.org/W2295940006","https://openalex.org/W2325534819","https://openalex.org/W2418363952","https://openalex.org/W2514172418","https://openalex.org/W2516468197","https://openalex.org/W2517744317","https://openalex.org/W2536137494","https://openalex.org/W2544710688","https://openalex.org/W2556836754","https://openalex.org/W2601926089","https://openalex.org/W2604122668","https://openalex.org/W2604844934","https://openalex.org/W2606100535","https://openalex.org/W2611050176","https://openalex.org/W2614305404","https://openalex.org/W2620870214","https://openalex.org/W2624307925","https://openalex.org/W2729223247","https://openalex.org/W2732365592","https://openalex.org/W2752780850","https://openalex.org/W2754529701","https://openalex.org/W2754620430","https://openalex.org/W2761967597","https://openalex.org/W2788728386","https://openalex.org/W2789950367","https://openalex.org/W2792483895","https://openalex.org/W2794982701","https://openalex.org/W2799719933","https://openalex.org/W2805827286","https://openalex.org/W2805930283","https://openalex.org/W2807792246","https://openalex.org/W2810151852","https://openalex.org/W2883469133","https://openalex.org/W2884856939","https://openalex.org/W2885871288","https://openalex.org/W2886177063","https://openalex.org/W2886706106","https://openalex.org/W2891010040","https://openalex.org/W2891943569","https://openalex.org/W2892842365","https://openalex.org/W2897088574","https://openalex.org/W2897450989","https://openalex.org/W2899764587","https://openalex.org/W2900580116","https://openalex.org/W2909113448","https://openalex.org/W2918823687","https://openalex.org/W2929637872","https://openalex.org/W2943517060","https://openalex.org/W2949844307","https://openalex.org/W2950226614","https://openalex.org/W2950648054","https://openalex.org/W2952888913","https://openalex.org/W2955346373","https://openalex.org/W2962718753","https://openalex.org/W2963264685","https://openalex.org/W2963519394","https://openalex.org/W2963876942","https://openalex.org/W2967268087","https://openalex.org/W2968269657","https://openalex.org/W2970809537","https://openalex.org/W2971126390","https://openalex.org/W2982542479","https://openalex.org/W2985844393","https://openalex.org/W2987069389","https://openalex.org/W2997142041","https://openalex.org/W3004205122","https://openalex.org/W3031720222","https://openalex.org/W3034459010","https://openalex.org/W3046337323","https://openalex.org/W3085929865","https://openalex.org/W3100328326","https://openalex.org/W3105187050","https://openalex.org/W3123934696","https://openalex.org/W3124675547","https://openalex.org/W3196895789","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4255535209","https://openalex.org/W6603104669","https://openalex.org/W6674367641","https://openalex.org/W6686001067","https://openalex.org/W6686086662","https://openalex.org/W6726546928","https://openalex.org/W6730367870","https://openalex.org/W6739972715","https://openalex.org/W6753449531","https://openalex.org/W6755115356","https://openalex.org/W6763986627","https://openalex.org/W6779307057","https://openalex.org/W6800727528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025944940","https://openalex.org/W2584827882","https://openalex.org/W3195097297","https://openalex.org/W3038106605","https://openalex.org/W4225340788","https://openalex.org/W2513267613","https://openalex.org/W3049084372","https://openalex.org/W2528109871","https://openalex.org/W2905822832","https://openalex.org/W2940702331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,23,30],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"distributed":[4],"ledger":[5],"solutions":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8],"blockchain":[9,31,50,74],"have":[10],"gained":[11],"significant":[12],"attention":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,35,52,62,117],"their":[16],"decentralized,":[17],"immutable,":[18],"and":[19,32,40,76,79,111,120,123],"verifiable":[20],"features.":[21],"However,":[22],"public":[24],"availability":[25],"of":[26,73,90,107],"data":[27,51],"stored":[28],"on":[29,104],"its":[33],"link":[34],"users":[36],"may":[37],"raise":[38],"privacy":[39,75,110],"security":[41,77,112],"issues.":[42],"In":[43,65],"some":[44],"cases,":[45],"addressing":[46],"these":[47],"issues":[48],"requires":[49],"be":[53],"secured":[54],"with":[55,94],"mechanisms":[56,83],"that":[57],"allow":[58],"on-demand":[59],"(as":[60],"opposed":[61],"full)":[63],"disclosure.":[64],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"we":[68,114,124],"give":[69],"a":[70,88,99],"comprehensive":[71],"overview":[72],"requirements,":[78],"detail":[80],"how":[81],"existing":[82],"answer":[84],"them.":[85],"We":[86,97],"provide":[87,115],"taxonomy":[89],"current":[91],"attacks":[92],"together":[93],"related":[95],"countermeasures.":[96],"present":[98],"thorough":[100],"comparative":[101],"analysis":[102],"based":[103],"various":[105],"parameters":[106],"state-of":[108],"the-art":[109],"mechanisms,":[113],"recommendations":[116],"design":[118],"secure":[119],"privacy-aware":[121],"blockchain,":[122],"suggest":[125],"guidelines":[126],"for":[127],"future":[128],"research.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-01T08:36:08.643496","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
