{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280578597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020042","title":"The C2G Framework to Convert Infrastructure Data from Computer-Aided Design (CAD) to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","display_name":"The C2G Framework to Convert Infrastructure Data from Computer-Aided Design (CAD) to Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280578597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics9020042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/9/2/42/pdf?version=1652244491","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/9/2/42/pdf?version=1652244491","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077930194","display_name":"Mohamed Badhrudeen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Badhrudeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015437624","display_name":"Eric S. Boria","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Sergio Boria","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027347452","display_name":"Guillemette Fonteix","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillemette Fonteix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069092168","display_name":"Michael D. Siciliano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8688-8685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Siciliano","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016630123","display_name":"Sybil Derrible","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-6016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sybil Derrible","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-6016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077930194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.2159,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48661117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"42","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.7433708906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7160088419914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad","display_name":"CAD","score":0.6102060079574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5742919445037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-conversion","display_name":"Data conversion","score":0.5532391667366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4841514229774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gis-applications","display_name":"GIS applications","score":0.46311014890670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/am/fm/gis","display_name":"AM/FM/GIS","score":0.4600811302661896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gis-and-public-health","display_name":"GIS and public health","score":0.4307047426700592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.39814385771751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14934605360031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.14564892649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12629017233848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08159732818603516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.7433708906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7160088419914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.6102060079574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5742919445037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1232282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783551","display_name":"Data conversion","level":2,"score":0.5532391667366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4841514229774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56321713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"GIS applications","level":3,"score":0.46311014890670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148162668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"AM/FM/GIS","level":4,"score":0.4600811302661896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104345477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5513523","display_name":"GIS and public health","level":3,"score":0.4307047426700592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.39814385771751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14934605360031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.14564892649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12629017233848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08159732818603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics9020042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/9/2/42/pdf?version=1652244491","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:76872f1d0bbc4f6d8d5f04983bb313a8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/76872f1d0bbc4f6d8d5f04983bb313a8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Informatics, Vol 9, Iss 2, p 42 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2227-9709/9/2/42/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Informatics; Volume 9; Issue 2; Pages: 42","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics9020042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/9/2/42/pdf?version=1652244491","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G461451717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1646395","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5601111710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1551731","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671297155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAREER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332222","display_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332697","display_name":"University of Illinois at Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280578597.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280578597.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553159236","https://openalex.org/W1996682374","https://openalex.org/W2061824263","https://openalex.org/W2099317749","https://openalex.org/W2110934758","https://openalex.org/W2144946429","https://openalex.org/W2195425355","https://openalex.org/W2325350344","https://openalex.org/W2461222716","https://openalex.org/W2471223835","https://openalex.org/W2507413714","https://openalex.org/W2626001774","https://openalex.org/W2746804071","https://openalex.org/W2752295106","https://openalex.org/W2753689584","https://openalex.org/W2926876043","https://openalex.org/W2951366158","https://openalex.org/W2976929055","https://openalex.org/W2979493175","https://openalex.org/W2982917236","https://openalex.org/W2994474803","https://openalex.org/W2995585113","https://openalex.org/W3088090550","https://openalex.org/W3115356528","https://openalex.org/W3122155229","https://openalex.org/W3129543700","https://openalex.org/W3160877215","https://openalex.org/W3163895852","https://openalex.org/W3187825888","https://openalex.org/W4214687919","https://openalex.org/W6744489449","https://openalex.org/W6761943948","https://openalex.org/W6771553458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2557809861","https://openalex.org/W2209631380","https://openalex.org/W653996709","https://openalex.org/W1529647666","https://openalex.org/W3092407084","https://openalex.org/W1931565245","https://openalex.org/W653857611","https://openalex.org/W1512168857","https://openalex.org/W3127550629","https://openalex.org/W2954210378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Making":[0],"smart":[1],"and":[2,9,30,55,137,164,170,217,312],"informed":[3],"decisions":[4],"often":[5],"requires":[6,307],"the":[7,83,146,151,165,181,191,200,209,215,227,232,246,252,258,274,277],"integration":[8],"analysis":[10],"of":[11,14,25,49,103,161,167,193,254,287,310],"large":[12],"amounts":[13],"data.":[15,244],"However,":[16,82],"integrating":[17],"these":[18,87],"data":[19,28,41,66,188,241],"is":[20,106,248,290],"rarely":[21],"straightforward,":[22],"mainly":[23],"because":[24],"heterogeneities":[26],"in":[27,67,123,173,214,257,265],"structure":[29],"format.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33,104,168,288,293],"study,":[34],"we":[35,144,179,212],"focus":[36],"on":[37],"two":[38,88],"widely":[39],"used":[40],"formats":[42,89],"by":[43,295],"municipalities":[44,62,113,136],"to":[45,75,92,98,107,111,114,149,183,198,220,237,242,251,291,300],"store":[46],"digital":[47],"maps":[48],"their":[50],"infrastructure:":[51],"Computer-Aided":[52],"Design":[53],"(CAD)":[54],"Geographic":[56],"Information":[57],"Systems":[58],"(GIS).":[59],"While":[60],"most":[61,266],"still":[63],"maintain":[64],"infrastructure":[65,187],"CAD":[68,97,240,311],"format,":[69],"many":[70],"have":[71],"started":[72],"converting":[73,94],"them":[74],"GIS":[76,78,243],"since":[77],"includes":[79],"geographical":[80],"coordinates.":[81],"inherent":[84],"differences":[85],"between":[86],"pose":[90],"challenges":[91],"accurately":[93],"information":[95,156,271],"from":[96,190,226],"GIS.":[99,313],"The":[100,158,203,224,270,285],"main":[101],"goal":[102],"study":[105,205,229,289],"develop":[108],"a":[109,139,280,297],"procedure":[110],"help":[112],"perform":[115],"CAD-to-GIS":[116,124,267,282,303],"conversion.":[117],"To":[118],"that":[119,231],"end,":[120],"potential":[121],"problems":[122],"conversion":[125,152,268,283,304],"were":[126],"first":[127],"identified":[128],"through":[129,138],"interviews":[130,275],"with":[131],"practitioners":[132,256],"at":[133,195],"different":[134],"U.S.":[135],"literature":[140],"review.":[141],"Taken":[142],"together,":[143],"propose":[145],"C2G":[147,233],"framework":[148,159,169,182,234,247,299],"streamline":[150],"process":[153,216],"while":[154],"minimizing":[155],"loss.":[157],"consists":[160],"five":[162],"stages,":[163],"execution":[166],"tasks":[171],"involved":[172],"each":[174],"stage":[175],"are":[176],"explained.":[177],"Moreover,":[178],"apply":[180],"real-world":[184],"underground":[185],"stormwater":[186],"obtained":[189],"University":[192],"Illinois":[194],"Chicago":[196],"(UIC)":[197],"illustrate":[199],"framework\u2019s":[201],"applicability.":[202],"case":[204,228],"explains":[206],"details":[207],"about":[208],"technical":[210],"difficulties":[211],"encountered":[213],"provides":[218],"recommendations":[219],"circumvent":[221],"those":[222],"difficulties.":[223],"results":[225],"showed":[230],"was":[235],"able":[236],"successfully":[238],"convert":[239],"Although":[245],"developed":[249],"specific":[250],"needs":[253],"CAD/GIS":[255],"US":[259],"municipalities,":[260],"it":[261],"can":[262],"be":[263],"adopted":[264],"situations.":[269],"learned":[272],"during":[273],"supports":[276],"need":[278],"for":[279],"standard":[281],"process.":[284],"contribution":[286],"fill":[292],"gap":[294],"developing":[296],"generalized":[298],"carry":[301],"out":[302],"which":[305],"only":[306],"basic":[308],"knowledge":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2022-05-22T00:00:00"}