{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220709169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010028","title":"Factors Affecting Reputational Damage to Organisations Due to Cyberattacks","display_name":"Factors Affecting Reputational Damage to Organisations Due to Cyberattacks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220709169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics9010028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010028","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/9/1/28/pdf?version=1647853367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/9/1/28/pdf?version=1647853367","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080267759","display_name":"Srinath Perera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9218-9282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinath Perera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Smart Modern Construction (c4SMC), School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9218-9282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Smart Modern Construction (c4SMC), School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001296553","display_name":"Xiaohua Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-9533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Smart Modern Construction (c4SMC), School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-9533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Smart Modern Construction (c4SMC), School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049556299","display_name":"Alana Maurushat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9751-1269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alana Maurushat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Centre for Cybersecurity Aid and Community Engagement (WCACE), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Centre for Cybersecurity Aid and Community Engagement (WCACE), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036019793","display_name":"De-Graft Joe Opoku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2557-5268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"De-Graft Joe Opoku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Smart Modern Construction (c4SMC), School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2557-5268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Smart Modern Construction (c4SMC), School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036019793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":9.1863,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97783276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"28","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12738","display_name":"Corporate Identity and Reputation","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12738","display_name":"Corporate Identity and Reputation","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.8456989526748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"Cybercrime","score":0.8241435289382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrutiny","display_name":"Scrutiny","score":0.6300444602966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.5909225940704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5715368390083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-sector","display_name":"Private sector","score":0.5297264456748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.47121304273605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-breach","display_name":"Data breach","score":0.45867758989334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.42819300293922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector","display_name":"Public sector","score":0.41245827078819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.338308721780777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33271849155426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.32719117403030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2615548372268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2053125500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13858070969581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11181765794754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10373169183731079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.8456989526748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cybercrime","level":3,"score":0.8241435289382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776050585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360","display_name":"Scrutiny","level":2,"score":0.6300444602966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.5909225940704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5715368390083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.5297264456748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.47121304273605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165609540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172486","display_name":"Data breach","level":2,"score":0.45867758989334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.42819300293922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.41245827078819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.338308721780777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33271849155426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.32719117403030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2615548372268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2053125500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13858070969581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11181765794754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10373169183731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics9010028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010028","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/9/1/28/pdf?version=1647853367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b62195a651f8466f9e2a7732bbdbf705","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b62195a651f8466f9e2a7732bbdbf705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Informatics, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 28 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2227-9709/9/1/28/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Informatics; Volume 9; Issue 1; Pages: 28","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics9010028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010028","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/9/1/28/pdf?version=1647853367","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325045","display_name":"Hawkesbury Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220709169.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220709169.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":98,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184877745","https://openalex.org/W1412796528","https://openalex.org/W1600401725","https://openalex.org/W1882178702","https://openalex.org/W1887819992","https://openalex.org/W1979032294","https://openalex.org/W1983304628","https://openalex.org/W1985194522","https://openalex.org/W1995463737","https://openalex.org/W2002779463","https://openalex.org/W2019837531","https://openalex.org/W2030307969","https://openalex.org/W2032409805","https://openalex.org/W2033502677","https://openalex.org/W2045678587","https://openalex.org/W2046951305","https://openalex.org/W2066359461","https://openalex.org/W2074353574","https://openalex.org/W2080204644","https://openalex.org/W2096420833","https://openalex.org/W2096601514","https://openalex.org/W2123439865","https://openalex.org/W2136261499","https://openalex.org/W2142294280","https://openalex.org/W2150529564","https://openalex.org/W2164742778","https://openalex.org/W2174374844","https://openalex.org/W2184623269","https://openalex.org/W2186904217","https://openalex.org/W2195984408","https://openalex.org/W2201796472","https://openalex.org/W2252511390","https://openalex.org/W2273489152","https://openalex.org/W2397932253","https://openalex.org/W2462849229","https://openalex.org/W2487412650","https://openalex.org/W2492688925","https://openalex.org/W2508605860","https://openalex.org/W2542448298","https://openalex.org/W2565682512","https://openalex.org/W2602846329","https://openalex.org/W2727435480","https://openalex.org/W2729321826","https://openalex.org/W2744604556","https://openalex.org/W2766224096","https://openalex.org/W2789764011","https://openalex.org/W2795923769","https://openalex.org/W2804181952","https://openalex.org/W2809863298","https://openalex.org/W2896921551","https://openalex.org/W2900346429","https://openalex.org/W2911855753","https://openalex.org/W2911976301","https://openalex.org/W2944260144","https://openalex.org/W2966168911","https://openalex.org/W2975407965","https://openalex.org/W2980500508","https://openalex.org/W2989140235","https://openalex.org/W2989878203","https://openalex.org/W2990488973","https://openalex.org/W3014589148","https://openalex.org/W3035702472","https://openalex.org/W3036035276","https://openalex.org/W3094145015","https://openalex.org/W3121430340","https://openalex.org/W3122521971","https://openalex.org/W3122745812","https://openalex.org/W3122891859","https://openalex.org/W3124228043","https://openalex.org/W3125319156","https://openalex.org/W3125756145","https://openalex.org/W3125972810","https://openalex.org/W3196850419","https://openalex.org/W3197207699","https://openalex.org/W3199902762","https://openalex.org/W3202087751","https://openalex.org/W3204195241","https://openalex.org/W4214861552","https://openalex.org/W4229637685","https://openalex.org/W4238347293","https://openalex.org/W4238947811","https://openalex.org/W4239122535","https://openalex.org/W4244221631","https://openalex.org/W4245829315","https://openalex.org/W4292940448","https://openalex.org/W4299811694","https://openalex.org/W6607549230","https://openalex.org/W6645266751","https://openalex.org/W6658873588","https://openalex.org/W6674565786","https://openalex.org/W6686618425","https://openalex.org/W6692688577","https://openalex.org/W6694101830","https://openalex.org/W6718818721","https://openalex.org/W6725322762","https://openalex.org/W6750105058","https://openalex.org/W6766701870","https://openalex.org/W6801953943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368745349","https://openalex.org/W3167675181","https://openalex.org/W2372005904","https://openalex.org/W144012884","https://openalex.org/W2360897455","https://openalex.org/W2131575257","https://openalex.org/W2377660959","https://openalex.org/W4251169878","https://openalex.org/W2789356246","https://openalex.org/W2980609844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,90,187],"COVID-19":[1],"pandemic":[2],"has":[3,24],"brought":[4],"massive":[5],"online":[6],"activities":[7],"and":[8,12,29,49,65,111,125,138,209,242],"increased":[9,27,34],"cybersecurity":[10,133,223],"incidents":[11,241],"cybercrime.":[13],"As":[14],"a":[15,38,156],"result":[16],"of":[17,22,76,86,169,219,224],"this,":[18],"the":[19,77,101,145,166,170,176,217,247],"cyber":[20,161,240],"reputation":[21,36,87,162,204],"organisations":[23,233],"also":[25],"received":[26],"scrutiny":[28],"global":[30],"attention.":[31],"Due":[32],"to":[33,63,83,115,198,216,222,231,234,238],"cybercrime,":[35],"displaying":[37],"more":[39,244],"important":[40],"role":[41],"within":[42,47],"risk":[43,84],"management":[44,85],"frameworks":[45],"both":[46,136],"public":[48,64,137,210],"private":[50,66,139,208],"institutions":[51,68],"is":[52,106,229],"vital.":[53],"This":[54,104],"study":[55,91,122,214],"identifies":[56],"key":[57],"factors":[58,81,192],"in":[59,135,193,246],"determining":[60,194],"reputational":[61,195],"damage":[62,196],"sector":[67,140],"through":[69],"cyberattacks.":[70],"Researchers":[71],"conducted":[72,129],"an":[73,107],"extensive":[74],"review":[75],"literature,":[78],"which":[79,96,153],"addresses":[80],"relating":[82,221],"post-cyber":[88],"breach.":[89],"identified":[92],"42":[93],"potential":[94],"factors,":[95],"were":[97,148,180],"then":[98],"classified":[99],"using":[100,123,150,182],"STAR":[102],"model.":[103],"model":[105],"organisational":[108],"design":[109],"framework":[110],"was":[112,128,163],"suitable":[113],"due":[114,197],"its":[116],"alignment":[117],"with":[118,130],"organisations.":[119,225],"A":[120],"qualitative":[121],"semi-structured":[124],"structured":[126,177],"questions":[127,178],"purposively":[131],"selected":[132],"experts":[134],"institutions.":[141,211],"Data":[142],"obtained":[143],"from":[144],"expert":[146],"forum":[147],"analysed":[149,181],"thematic":[151],"analysis,":[152],"revealed":[154,190],"that":[155],"commonly":[157],"accepted":[158],"definition":[159],"for":[160],"lacking":[164],"despite":[165],"growing":[167],"use":[168],"term":[171],"\u201conline":[172],"reputation\u201d.":[173],"In":[174],"addition,":[175],"data":[179],"relative":[183],"importance":[184],"index":[185],"rankings.":[186],"analysis":[188],"results":[189],"significant":[191],"cyberattacks,":[199],"as":[200,202],"well":[201],"highlighting":[203],"factor":[205],"discrepancies":[206],"between":[207],"Theoretically,":[212],"this":[213,227],"contributes":[215],"body":[218],"knowledge":[220],"Practically,":[226],"research":[228],"expected":[230],"aid":[232],"properly":[235],"position":[236],"themselves":[237],"meet":[239],"become":[243],"competitive":[245],"post-COVID-19":[248],"era.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T13:55:30.953635","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
