{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125968677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics13020020","title":"AI-Enhanced Skill Assessment in Higher Vocational Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","display_name":"AI-Enhanced Skill Assessment in Higher Vocational Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125968677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics13020020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics13020020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics13020020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/13/2/20/pdf?version=1769651467","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/13/2/20/pdf?version=1769651467","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061528791","display_name":"Xia Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-0538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131342","display_name":"Yibin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w8m2977","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Quality Education, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin 644003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Quality Education, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin 644003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111310311","display_name":"Haoheng Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131342","display_name":"Yibin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w8m2977","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haoheng Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Quality Education, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin 644003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Quality Education, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin 644003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111310311"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":11.7675,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96520424,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"20","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.1509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.1509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.06750000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13895","display_name":"Educational Leadership and Innovation","score":0.049800001084804535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education","display_name":"Vocational education","score":0.7386000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6884999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-evidence","display_name":"Empirical evidence","score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.42879998683929443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.7386000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6884999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4643999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430460","display_name":"Capability approach","level":2,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132758656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5307365","display_name":"Dreyfus model of skill acquisition","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984588014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730675","display_name":"Quantitative assessment","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics13020020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics13020020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/13/2/20/pdf?version=1769651467","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2e8e4842a51844569f3a214300de7b15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2e8e4842a51844569f3a214300de7b15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Informatics, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 20 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics13020020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics13020020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/13/2/20/pdf?version=1769651467","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.613167941570282,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125968677.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W413904930","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2576265988","https://openalex.org/W2886743726","https://openalex.org/W2994396684","https://openalex.org/W3042768143","https://openalex.org/W3092848027","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3119399459","https://openalex.org/W3127931126","https://openalex.org/W4224882455","https://openalex.org/W4297918764","https://openalex.org/W4312078689","https://openalex.org/W4381616670","https://openalex.org/W4384160615","https://openalex.org/W4398248030","https://openalex.org/W4403379299","https://openalex.org/W4404070391","https://openalex.org/W4409907189","https://openalex.org/W4414086158"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,96,131],"synthesizes":[2],"empirical":[3,29,49,188],"evidence":[4],"on":[5,31,126],"AI-supported":[6,81,135],"skill":[7,136],"assessment":[8,33,82,137],"systems":[9,83],"in":[10,23,40,66,174],"higher":[11,27,175],"vocational":[12,41],"education":[13,176],"through":[14],"a":[15,70,76,133],"systematic":[16],"review":[17],"and":[18,36,54,61,64,84,100,109,121,168,185,200],"meta-analysis.":[19],"Despite":[20],"growing":[21],"interest":[22],"generative":[24,149,172,204],"AI":[25,173,205],"within":[26],"education,":[28],"research":[30],"AI-enabled":[32,191],"remains":[34],"fragmented":[35],"methodologically":[37],"uneven,":[38],"particularly":[39],"contexts.":[42,102],"Following":[43],"PRISMA":[44],"2020":[45],"guidelines,":[46],"27":[47],"peer-reviewed":[48],"studies":[50,202],"published":[51],"between":[52,80],"2010":[53],"2024":[55],"were":[56],"identified":[57],"from":[58,144],"major":[59],"international":[60],"Chinese":[62],"databases":[63],"included":[65],"the":[67,73,127,130,156,179,183,186,194],"analysis.":[68],"Using":[69],"random-effects":[71],"model,":[72],"meta-analysis":[74],"indicates":[75],"moderate":[77],"positive":[78],"association":[79],"skill-related":[85],"learning":[86],"outcomes":[87],"(Hedges\u2019":[88],"g":[89],"=":[90],"0.72),":[91],"alongside":[92],"substantial":[93],"heterogeneity":[94],"across":[95,107],"designs,":[97],"outcome":[98],"measures,":[99],"implementation":[101],"Subgroup":[103],"analyses":[104],"suggest":[105],"variation":[106],"regional":[108],"institutional":[110],"settings,":[111],"which":[112],"should":[113],"be":[114],"interpreted":[115],"cautiously":[116],"given":[117],"small":[118],"sample":[119],"sizes":[120],"diverse":[122],"methodological":[123],"approaches.":[124],"Based":[125],"synthesized":[128],"evidence,":[129],"proposes":[132],"conceptual":[134],"framework":[138,157],"that":[139],"distinguishes":[140],"empirically":[141],"grounded":[142],"components":[143],"forward-looking":[145],"extensions":[146],"related":[147],"to":[148,162,208],"AI.":[150],"Rather":[151],"than":[152],"offering":[153],"prescriptive":[154],"solutions,":[155],"provides":[158],"an":[159],"evidence-informed":[160],"baseline":[161],"support":[163],"future":[164],"research,":[165],"system":[166],"design,":[167],"responsible":[169],"integration":[170],"of":[171,190],"assessment.":[177],"Overall,":[178],"findings":[180],"highlight":[181],"both":[182],"potential":[184],"current":[187],"limitations":[189],"assessment,":[192],"underscoring":[193],"need":[195],"for":[196],"more":[197],"robust,":[198],"theory-informed,":[199],"transparent":[201],"as":[203],"applications":[206],"continue":[207],"evolve.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
