{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408829537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics12020035","title":"Markov-CVAELabeller: A Deep Learning Approach for the Labelling of Fault Data","display_name":"Markov-CVAELabeller: A Deep Learning Approach for the Labelling of Fault Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408829537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics12020035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics12020035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics12020035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/12/2/35/pdf?version=1742895451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/12/2/35/pdf?version=1742895451","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024150301","display_name":"Christian Velasco-Gallego","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-4609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020445194","display_name":"Universidad Nebrija","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzyrt94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Velasco-Gallego","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n ARIES, Universidad Nebrija, Calle de Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 27, 28015 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n ARIES, Universidad Nebrija, Calle de Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 27, 28015 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018874583","display_name":"Nieves Mateo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0717-3049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020445194","display_name":"Universidad Nebrija","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzyrt94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nieves Cubo-Mateo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n ARIES, Universidad Nebrija, Calle de Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 27, 28015 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n ARIES, Universidad Nebrija, Calle de Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 27, 28015 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024150301"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02723292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"35","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labelling","display_name":"Labelling","score":0.8159092664718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5720292329788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4884778559207916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4540101885795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.42388254404067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1932862401008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.13208723068237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10693728923797607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780523633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380709","display_name":"Labelling","level":2,"score":0.8159092664718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5720292329788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4884778559207916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4540101885795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.42388254404067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1932862401008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.13208723068237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10693728923797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics12020035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics12020035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/12/2/35/pdf?version=1742895451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:380014c8b37d4accb1488fdd36b3c374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/380014c8b37d4accb1488fdd36b3c374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Informatics, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 35 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics12020035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics12020035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/12/2/35/pdf?version=1742895451","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408829537.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582873796","https://openalex.org/W2231763417","https://openalex.org/W2997647098","https://openalex.org/W2998506103","https://openalex.org/W3174336319","https://openalex.org/W3196005134","https://openalex.org/W3199102655","https://openalex.org/W3210146484","https://openalex.org/W3213788487","https://openalex.org/W4205816981","https://openalex.org/W4212992602","https://openalex.org/W4221096001","https://openalex.org/W4224219490","https://openalex.org/W4224989792","https://openalex.org/W4225679535","https://openalex.org/W4232348976","https://openalex.org/W4281386648","https://openalex.org/W4281550585","https://openalex.org/W4285116605","https://openalex.org/W4296006431","https://openalex.org/W4296769077","https://openalex.org/W4309224354","https://openalex.org/W4310449718","https://openalex.org/W4313197748","https://openalex.org/W4324118335","https://openalex.org/W4327808177","https://openalex.org/W4328050851","https://openalex.org/W4377001543","https://openalex.org/W4381302454","https://openalex.org/W4382599546","https://openalex.org/W4382727394","https://openalex.org/W4384008706","https://openalex.org/W4403168752","https://openalex.org/W4403526178","https://openalex.org/W4403680804","https://openalex.org/W4404185138","https://openalex.org/W4404197163","https://openalex.org/W4404839413","https://openalex.org/W4405976219","https://openalex.org/W4406457761","https://openalex.org/W4406675010","https://openalex.org/W4406783854","https://openalex.org/W4407761367","https://openalex.org/W4408059034","https://openalex.org/W6804215093","https://openalex.org/W6838898982","https://openalex.org/W6853077569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W3086377361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"lack":[1,71],"of":[2,13,28,49,72,87,99,112,119,131,146,162,175],"fault":[3,34,42,55,73,133,164],"data":[4,18,35],"is":[5,57,63,127,139,154],"still":[6],"a":[7,100,122,150],"major":[8],"concern":[9],"in":[10,65,184],"the":[11,29,41,47,70,85,88,97,110,117,120,132,144,147,163,169,180],"area":[12],"smart":[14],"maintenance,":[15],"as":[16,129,160,179],"these":[17,53],"are":[19,36,44],"required":[20],"to":[21,68,115,142,156],"perform":[22],"an":[23,66],"adequate":[24],"diagnostics":[25],"and":[26,105],"prognostics":[27],"system.":[30],"In":[31,59],"some":[32],"instances,":[33],"adequately":[37],"collected,":[38],"even":[39],"though":[40],"labels":[43,56],"missing.":[45],"Accordingly,":[46],"development":[48],"methodologies":[50],"that":[51,172],"generate":[52],"missing":[54],"required.":[58],"this":[60,173,185],"study,":[61],"Markov-CVAELabeller":[62,76],"introduced":[64],"attempt":[67],"address":[69],"label":[74],"challenge.":[75],"comprises":[77],"three":[78],"main":[79],"phases:":[80],"(1)":[81],"image":[82],"encoding":[83],"through":[84,96,109],"application":[86],"first-order":[89],"Markov":[90],"chain,":[91],"(2)":[92],"latent":[93],"space":[94],"representation":[95],"consideration":[98],"convolutional":[101,123],"variational":[102],"autoencoder":[103],"(CVAE),":[104],"(3)":[106],"clustering":[107],"analysis":[108],"implementation":[111],"k-means.":[113],"Additionally,":[114],"evaluate":[116],"accuracy":[118,182],"method,":[121],"neural":[124],"network":[125],"(CNN)":[126],"considered":[128,155],"part":[130,161],"classification":[134],"task.":[135],"A":[136],"case":[137],"study":[138,186],"also":[140],"presented":[141,183],"highlight":[143],"performance":[145],"method.":[148],"Specifically,":[149],"hydraulic":[151],"test":[152],"rig":[153],"assess":[157],"its":[158],"condition":[159],"diagnosis":[165],"framework.":[166],"Results":[167],"indicate":[168],"promising":[170],"applications":[171],"type":[174],"methods":[176],"can":[177],"facilitate,":[178],"average":[181],"was":[187],"97%.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}