{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399302916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics11020038","title":"Chatbot Technology Use and Acceptance Using Educational Personas","display_name":"Chatbot Technology Use and Acceptance Using Educational Personas","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399302916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics11020038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics11020038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics11020038","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/11/2/38/pdf?version=1717422330","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/11/2/38/pdf?version=1717422330","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072443687","display_name":"Fatima Ali Amer Jid Almahri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-8976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Ali Amer jid Almahri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK","Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Information Sciences, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Salalah 211, Oman"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-8976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Information Sciences, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Salalah 211, Oman","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101893553","display_name":"David Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3148-6691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3148-6691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086052688","display_name":"Zameer Gulzar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-2855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093846","display_name":"Ministry of Education and Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4as432","country_code":"QA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093846"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zameer Gulzar","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIE-SPPU, Institute of Higher Education, Doha 14868, Qatar","Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, SR University, Warangal 506371, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-2855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIE-SPPU, Institute of Higher Education, Doha 14868, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, SR University, Warangal 506371, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072443687"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":4.8687,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95571745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"38","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14074","display_name":"Persona Design and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11977","display_name":"Technology Use by Older Adults","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbot","display_name":"Chatbot","score":0.8960758447647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5967785716056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-theory-of-acceptance-and-use-of-technology","display_name":"Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","score":0.581277072429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectancy-theory","display_name":"Expectancy theory","score":0.5535632371902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5362457633018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cronbachs-alpha","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","score":0.49942755699157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persona","display_name":"Persona","score":0.48398447036743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-acceptance-model","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","score":0.47854548692703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","score":0.46960270404815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/likert-scale","display_name":"Likert scale","score":0.46801602840423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.41875866055488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3695303797721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.31572282314300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31204521656036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.20348423719406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.15302976965904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"Psychometrics","score":0.135881245136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.11985787749290466}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.8960758447647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5967785716056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780346085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7884986","display_name":"Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","level":3,"score":0.581277072429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.5535632371902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5362457633018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.49942755699157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C313442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778556","display_name":"Persona","level":2,"score":0.48398447036743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112945","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","level":3,"score":0.47854548692703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.46960270404815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.46801602840423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.41875866055488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3695303797721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.31572282314300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31204521656036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.20348423719406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.15302976965904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.135881245136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.11985787749290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics11020038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics11020038","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/11/2/38/pdf?version=1717422330","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/31558","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-2855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bf94ad53c6ca4dbb9885007f295438da","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bf94ad53c6ca4dbb9885007f295438da","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Informatics, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 38 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2227-9709/11/2/38/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics11020038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/informatics11020038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics11020038","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/11/2/38/pdf?version=1717422330","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738238905","display_name":"Informatics","issn_l":"2227-9709","issn":["2227-9709"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399302916.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91885478","https://openalex.org/W115709341","https://openalex.org/W163540431","https://openalex.org/W1248593972","https://openalex.org/W1497226654","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1856367583","https://openalex.org/W1871120870","https://openalex.org/W1965835116","https://openalex.org/W1972152093","https://openalex.org/W1973203990","https://openalex.org/W1985634409","https://openalex.org/W1988050849","https://openalex.org/W1990290172","https://openalex.org/W1990680488","https://openalex.org/W1995817465","https://openalex.org/W2005423324","https://openalex.org/W2011561069","https://openalex.org/W2014862338","https://openalex.org/W2017373262","https://openalex.org/W2027549543","https://openalex.org/W2028045345","https://openalex.org/W2035833221","https://openalex.org/W2047883041","https://openalex.org/W2052631230","https://openalex.org/W2099702286","https://openalex.org/W2100379340","https://openalex.org/W2100408980","https://openalex.org/W2101699735","https://openalex.org/W2108353880","https://openalex.org/W2115072199","https://openalex.org/W2136415147","https://openalex.org/W2138317904","https://openalex.org/W2143229876","https://openalex.org/W2145653286","https://openalex.org/W2147307034","https://openalex.org/W2150715964","https://openalex.org/W2160123621","https://openalex.org/W2160269678","https://openalex.org/W2181680975","https://openalex.org/W2216298542","https://openalex.org/W2302769423","https://openalex.org/W2323610880","https://openalex.org/W2408544708","https://openalex.org/W2482931780","https://openalex.org/W2495052195","https://openalex.org/W2517653363","https://openalex.org/W2579905191","https://openalex.org/W2582885759","https://openalex.org/W2592960254","https://openalex.org/W2609429347","https://openalex.org/W2921596967","https://openalex.org/W2947103787","https://openalex.org/W2964435359","https://openalex.org/W2980735961","https://openalex.org/W2994929888","https://openalex.org/W3092744858","https://openalex.org/W3125976894","https://openalex.org/W3213065859","https://openalex.org/W4205936414","https://openalex.org/W4230434050","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4238241388","https://openalex.org/W4243667233","https://openalex.org/W4256214247","https://openalex.org/W4296408613","https://openalex.org/W4383650445","https://openalex.org/W4394956162","https://openalex.org/W6603729155","https://openalex.org/W6606614863","https://openalex.org/W6651480679","https://openalex.org/W6651692706","https://openalex.org/W6675280795","https://openalex.org/W6681754669","https://openalex.org/W6683393206","https://openalex.org/W6686171557","https://openalex.org/W6960100866","https://openalex.org/W6979700796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946465479","https://openalex.org/W2261122642","https://openalex.org/W2959418760","https://openalex.org/W2994604000","https://openalex.org/W3136018819","https://openalex.org/W4378227617","https://openalex.org/W4387010632","https://openalex.org/W3203988261","https://openalex.org/W2464675601","https://openalex.org/W2160269678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chatbots":[0],"are":[1,206],"computer":[2,114],"programs":[3],"that":[4,164,168,188],"mimic":[5],"human":[6],"conversation":[7],"using":[8,103,145],"text":[9],"or":[10,12,197],"voice":[11],"both.":[13],"Users\u2019":[14],"acceptance":[15,72],"of":[16,28,56,67,75,91,95,158,174,225],"chatbots":[17,31,49],"is":[18],"highly":[19],"influenced":[20],"by":[21,52],"their":[22],"persona.":[23],"Users":[24],"develop":[25],"a":[26,100,104,120],"sense":[27],"familiarity":[29],"with":[30,47,128,141],"as":[32],"they":[33,37,213],"use":[34,74,86,173],"them,":[35],"so":[36],"become":[38],"more":[39,50],"approachable,":[40],"and":[41,73,93,112,156,172,181,212,219],"this":[42,60],"encourages":[43],"them":[44],"to":[45,123,200],"interact":[46],"the":[48,57,64,83,125,133,154,159,165,189,202,223],"readily":[51],"fostering":[53],"favorable":[54],"opinions":[55],"technology.":[58],"In":[59],"study,":[61],"we":[62],"examine":[63],"moderating":[65],"effects":[66],"persona":[68],"traits":[69],"on":[70],"students\u2019":[71,170],"chatbot":[76,129,175],"technology":[77,176],"at":[78],"higher":[79],"educational":[80,198],"institutions":[81],"in":[82,222],"UK.":[84],"We":[85],"an":[87],"Extended":[88,190],"Unified":[89],"Theory":[90],"Acceptance":[92],"Use":[94],"Technology":[96],"(Extended":[97],"UTAUT2).":[98],"Through":[99],"self-administrated":[101],"survey":[102],"questionnaire,":[105],"data":[106],"were":[107,147,177],"collected":[108],"from":[109],"431":[110],"undergraduate":[111],"postgraduate":[113],"science":[115],"students.":[116],"This":[117],"study":[118],"employed":[119],"Likert":[121],"scale":[122],"measure":[124],"variables":[126],"associated":[127],"acceptance.":[130],"To":[131],"evaluate":[132],"gathered":[134],"data,":[135],"Structural":[136],"Equation":[137],"Modelling":[138],"(SEM)":[139],"coupled":[140],"multi-group":[142],"analysis":[143],"(MGA)":[144],"SmartPLS3":[146],"used.":[148],"The":[149,161],"estimated":[150],"Cronbach\u2019s":[151],"alpha":[152],"highlighted":[153],"accuracy":[155],"legitimacy":[157],"findings.":[160],"results":[162,205],"showed":[163],"emerging":[166],"factors":[167],"influence":[169],"adoption":[171],"habit,":[178],"effort":[179],"expectancy,":[180],"performance":[182],"expectancy.":[183],"Additionally,":[184],"it":[185],"was":[186],"discovered":[187],"UTAUT2":[191],"model":[192],"did":[193],"not":[194],"require":[195],"grades":[196],"level":[199],"moderate":[201],"correlations.":[203],"These":[204],"important":[207],"for":[208,216],"improving":[209],"user":[210],"experience":[211],"have":[214],"implications":[215],"academics,":[217],"researchers,":[218],"organizations,":[220],"especially":[221],"context":[224],"native":[226],"chatbots.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}