{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2768965298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info8040147","title":"Land Cover Classification from Multispectral Data Using Computational Intelligence Tools: A Comparative Study","display_name":"Land Cover Classification from Multispectral Data Using Computational Intelligence Tools: A Comparative Study","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2768965298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info8040147","mag":"2768965298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info8040147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info8040147","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/4/147/pdf?version=1510742113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/4/147/pdf?version=1510742113","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051554638","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Mora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1354-4739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Mora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Intelligence Group of CTS/UNINOVA, FCT, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2820-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1354-4739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Intelligence Group of CTS/UNINOVA, FCT, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2820-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091084180","display_name":"T. P. dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2463-2881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiago Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Intelligence Group of CTS/UNINOVA, FCT, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2820-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Intelligence Group of CTS/UNINOVA, FCT, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2820-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082087108","display_name":"Szymon \u0141ukasik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6716-610X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66083562","display_name":"Systems Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0111cp837","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66083562","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Szymon \u0141ukasik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland","Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-447 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-447 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66083562","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028471241","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o M. N. Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5201-9836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5201-9836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033964743","display_name":"Ant\u00f3nio J. Falc\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4788-140X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Falc\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Intelligence Group of CTS/UNINOVA, FCT, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2820-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4788-140X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Intelligence Group of CTS/UNINOVA, FCT, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2820-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010179430","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Fonseca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7173-7374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Fonseca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Intelligence Group of CTS/UNINOVA, FCT, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2820-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7173-7374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Intelligence Group of CTS/UNINOVA, FCT, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2820-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042279880","display_name":"Rita A. Ribeiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-0151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rita Ribeiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Intelligence Group of CTS/UNINOVA, FCT, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2820-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-0151","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Intelligence Group of CTS/UNINOVA, FCT, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2820-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051554638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.7462,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94218206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"147","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.7122810482978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6450478434562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6206634044647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.6097974181175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.5506531596183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4746552109718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4734106659889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.4709680378437042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4663003981113434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.45566290616989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4486350417137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4445473551750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4402408301830292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43159565329551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.41987118124961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4048084318637848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.25147515535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13217592239379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08837458491325378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.7122810482978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6450478434562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6206634044647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.6097974181175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5506531596183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4746552109718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4734106659889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4709680378437042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4663003981113434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.45566290616989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4486350417137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4445473551750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4402408301830292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43159565329551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.41987118124961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4048084318637848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.25147515535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13217592239379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08837458491325378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info8040147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info8040147","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/4/147/pdf?version=1510742113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48dce954b9dd49029d1d83e0c443d1d6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48dce954b9dd49029d1d83e0c443d1d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 8, Iss 4, p 147 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/8/4/147/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info8040147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 8; Issue 4; Pages: 147","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info8040147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info8040147","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/4/147/pdf?version=1510742113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3136952278","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UID/EEA/00066/203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320366","display_name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bstzn19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2768965298.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2768965298.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161157074","https://openalex.org/W1485268022","https://openalex.org/W1518917059","https://openalex.org/W1573176374","https://openalex.org/W1578368825","https://openalex.org/W1582665754","https://openalex.org/W1905771608","https://openalex.org/W1966363240","https://openalex.org/W1979725639","https://openalex.org/W1980058571","https://openalex.org/W1982842659","https://openalex.org/W1992176519","https://openalex.org/W1999075329","https://openalex.org/W2033403400","https://openalex.org/W2035549557","https://openalex.org/W2070483703","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2078572874","https://openalex.org/W2083278476","https://openalex.org/W2086463311","https://openalex.org/W2087070363","https://openalex.org/W2091336043","https://openalex.org/W2109565719","https://openalex.org/W2111991669","https://openalex.org/W2113003778","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2139514605","https://openalex.org/W2142591719","https://openalex.org/W2145038862","https://openalex.org/W2148423395","https://openalex.org/W2155041554","https://openalex.org/W2162754606","https://openalex.org/W2167611225","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2484215240","https://openalex.org/W2511252309","https://openalex.org/W2539640767","https://openalex.org/W2547995988","https://openalex.org/W2913633272","https://openalex.org/W3105265400","https://openalex.org/W4232799716","https://openalex.org/W4249749961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W3009056573","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W4297676672","https://openalex.org/W4281702477","https://openalex.org/W4378510483","https://openalex.org/W2490526372","https://openalex.org/W4376166922","https://openalex.org/W4221142204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"discusses":[2],"how":[3],"computational":[4,38],"intelligence":[5,39],"techniques":[6],"are":[7],"applied":[8],"to":[9,131,149],"fuse":[10],"spectral":[11],"images":[12],"into":[13,69],"a":[14,32,47,81,102,146],"higher":[15],"level":[16],"image":[17,28],"of":[18,50,98,108,115],"land":[19,51,87,109,151],"cover":[20,52,88,110,152],"distribution":[21],"for":[22,26,71,112],"remote":[23],"sensing,":[24],"specifically":[25],"satellite":[27,55],"classification.":[29],"We":[30],"compare":[31],"fuzzy-inference":[33,74],"method":[34,75,128],"with":[35,80],"two":[36],"other":[37],"methods,":[40,101],"decision":[41,132],"trees":[42],"and":[43,84],"neural":[44,137],"networks,":[45],"using":[46,90],"case":[48],"study":[49,104],"classification":[53,89],"from":[54,140,154],"images.":[56],"Further,":[57],"an":[58],"unsupervised":[59],"approach":[60],"based":[61],"on":[62],"k-means":[63,143],"clustering":[64,144],"has":[65],"been":[66],"also":[67],"taken":[68],"consideration":[70],"comparison.":[72],"The":[73],"includes":[76],"training":[77],"the":[78,96,99,113,126],"classifier":[79],"fuzzy-fusion":[82,127],"technique":[83,148],"then":[85],"performing":[86],"reinforcement":[91],"aggregation":[92],"operators.":[93],"To":[94],"assess":[95],"robustness":[97],"four":[100],"comparative":[103],"including":[105],"three":[106],"years":[107],"maps":[111],"district":[114],"Mandimba,":[116],"Niassa":[117],"province,":[118],"Mozambique,":[119],"was":[120],"undertaken.":[121],"Our":[122],"results":[123],"show":[124],"that":[125],"performs":[129],"similarly":[130],"trees,":[133],"achieving":[134],"reliable":[135],"classifications;":[136],"networks":[138],"suffer":[139],"overfitting;":[141],"while":[142],"constitutes":[145],"promising":[147],"identify":[150],"types":[153],"unknown":[155],"areas.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2017-12-04T00:00:00"}