{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2606002995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info8020044","title":"BBDS: Blockchain-Based Data Sharing for Electronic Medical Records in Cloud Environments","display_name":"BBDS: Blockchain-Based Data Sharing for Electronic Medical Records in Cloud Environments","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2606002995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info8020044","mag":"2606002995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info8020044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info8020044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/2/44/pdf?version=1492429347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/2/44/pdf?version=1492429347","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026564599","display_name":"Qi Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-2588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qi Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024115557","display_name":"Emmanuel Boateng Sifah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-0825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Sifah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028696053","display_name":"Abla Smahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-433X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abla Smahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036800187","display_name":"Sandro Amofa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2903-8964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Amofa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780268","display_name":"Xiaosong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-1412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Security, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Security, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026564599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":98.1331,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":580,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99946192,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"44","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9199023246765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immutability","display_name":"Immutability","score":0.8983166217803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7288095951080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7250736951828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"Data sharing","score":0.698445737361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6736285090446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.604825496673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5210270881652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.5084030032157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4390513002872467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.22628885507583618}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9199023246765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776126399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3942906","display_name":"Immutability","level":3,"score":0.8983166217803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7288095951080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7250736951828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.698445737361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6736285090446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.604825496673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5210270881652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.5084030032157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4390513002872467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.22628885507583618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info8020044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info8020044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/2/44/pdf?version=1492429347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/8/2/44/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info8020044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information; Volume 8; Issue 2; Pages: 44","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info8020044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info8020044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/2/44/pdf?version=1492429347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2472779112","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYGX2015J154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2606002995.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2606002995.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559136758","https://openalex.org/W2006553873","https://openalex.org/W2022048910","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2045134072","https://openalex.org/W2053342672","https://openalex.org/W2060235032","https://openalex.org/W2090139686","https://openalex.org/W2102341858","https://openalex.org/W2134479759","https://openalex.org/W2135988418","https://openalex.org/W2136114025","https://openalex.org/W2159024459","https://openalex.org/W2231944250","https://openalex.org/W2406782094","https://openalex.org/W2418066530","https://openalex.org/W2514994441","https://openalex.org/W2523077978","https://openalex.org/W2529101939","https://openalex.org/W2929662350","https://openalex.org/W4206713405","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W6714136709"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517747134","https://openalex.org/W2802479602","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W2954977039","https://openalex.org/W4386576376","https://openalex.org/W3023855976","https://openalex.org/W4315837274","https://openalex.org/W3130746757","https://openalex.org/W3216065934","https://openalex.org/W3022984010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Disseminating":[0],"medical":[1],"data":[2,50,63,128],"beyond":[3],"the":[4,20,35,56,66,75,120,130,144],"protected":[5],"cloud":[6,67],"of":[7,28,74,98,114],"institutions":[8],"poses":[9],"severe":[10],"risks":[11],"to":[12,19,88,126],"patients\u2019":[13],"privacy,":[14],"as":[15,105],"breaches":[16],"push":[17],"them":[18],"point":[21],"where":[22],"they":[23],"abstain":[24],"from":[25,129,143],"full":[26],"disclosure":[27],"their":[29,115,134],"condition.":[30],"This":[31],"situation":[32],"negatively":[33],"impacts":[34],"patient,":[36],"scientific":[37],"research,":[38],"and":[39,70,91,111,136,154],"all":[40,106],"stakeholders.":[41],"To":[42],"address":[43],"this":[44,99],"challenge,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"a":[48,82,96,112],"blockchain-based":[49],"sharing":[51],"framework":[52],"that":[53,148],"sufficiently":[54],"addresses":[55],"access":[57,87],"control":[58],"challenges":[59],"associated":[60],"with":[61],"sensitive":[62],"stored":[64],"in":[65],"using":[68],"immutability":[69],"built-in":[71],"autonomy":[72],"properties":[73],"blockchain.":[76,121],"Our":[77],"system":[78,123,145],"is":[79,103,117,151],"based":[80],"on":[81],"permissioned":[83],"blockchain":[84],"which":[85],"allows":[86],"only":[89],"invited,":[90],"hence":[92],"verified":[93],"users.":[94],"As":[95],"result":[97],"design,":[100],"further":[101],"accountability":[102],"guaranteed":[104],"users":[107,125],"are":[108,139],"already":[109],"known":[110],"log":[113],"actions":[116],"kept":[118],"by":[119],"The":[122,141],"permits":[124],"request":[127],"shared":[131],"pool":[132],"after":[133],"identities":[135],"cryptographic":[137],"keys":[138],"verified.":[140],"evidence":[142],"evaluation":[146],"shows":[147],"our":[149],"scheme":[150],"lightweight,":[152],"scalable,":[153],"efficient.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":97},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}