{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051364577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info5020272","title":"\u201cInformation\u201d\u2014from an Evolutionary Point of View","display_name":"\u201cInformation\u201d\u2014from an Evolutionary Point of View","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051364577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info5020272","mag":"2051364577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info5020272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info5020272","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/5/2/272/pdf?version=1403600069","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/5/2/272/pdf?version=1403600069","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010489811","display_name":"Walter Kofler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17877952","display_name":"Sechenov University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yqqv993","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17877952"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091305","display_name":"International Council of Ophthalmology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hw04726","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091305"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Walter Kofler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University,  11 Mokhovaya Street, building 4, 125009 Moscow, Russia","International Council for Scientific Development/International Academy of Science  Health & Ecology (ICSD/IAS H&E), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria","Department for Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 11 Mokhovaya Street, building 4, 125009 Moscow, Russia","International Council for Scientific Development/International Academy of Science Health & Ecology (ICSD/IAS H&E), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University,  11 Mokhovaya Street, building 4, 125009 Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17877952"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Council for Scientific Development/International Academy of Science  Health & Ecology (ICSD/IAS H&E), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 11 Mokhovaya Street, building 4, 125009 Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17877952"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Council for Scientific Development/International Academy of Science Health & Ecology (ICSD/IAS H&E), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010489811"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17877952","https://openalex.org/I4210091305"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.6068,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75453333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"272","last_page":"284"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9466999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9466999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12788","display_name":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","score":0.9344000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5748379230499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5322062373161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5215818285942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.51576828956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explanatory-power","display_name":"Explanatory power","score":0.5040323138237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-psychology","display_name":"Evolutionary psychology","score":0.487270712852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory","display_name":"Information theory","score":0.48533526062965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.4795622229576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-theory","display_name":"Evolutionary theory","score":0.4678025543689728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-processing","display_name":"Information processing","score":0.45959553122520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4551903307437897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-dynamics","display_name":"Evolutionary dynamics","score":0.43909355998039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organism","display_name":"Organism","score":0.430401474237442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.41936439275741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.4116334617137909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3478652536869049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.31967079639434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2868264317512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.22343599796295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.19357118010520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1173393726348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.09642639756202698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5748379230499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5322062373161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5215818285942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.51576828956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2557224","display_name":"Explanatory power","level":2,"score":0.5040323138237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92150231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219695","display_name":"Evolutionary psychology","level":2,"score":0.487270712852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.48533526062965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4795622229576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989147100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063","display_name":"Evolutionary theory","level":2,"score":0.4678025543689728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87868495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843","display_name":"Information processing","level":2,"score":0.45959553122520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4551903307437897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171578705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418700","display_name":"Evolutionary dynamics","level":3,"score":0.43909355998039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137858568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239","display_name":"Organism","level":2,"score":0.430401474237442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.41936439275741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4116334617137909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3478652536869049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.31967079639434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2868264317512512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.22343599796295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19357118010520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1173393726348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.09642639756202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info5020272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info5020272","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/5/2/272/pdf?version=1403600069","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9f816b3c8462492eb7c8fb1282211726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9f816b3c8462492eb7c8fb1282211726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 272-284 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info5020272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info5020272","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/5/2/272/pdf?version=1403600069","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2051364577.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2051364577.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576862564","https://openalex.org/W1897237761","https://openalex.org/W1970231416","https://openalex.org/W1988899743","https://openalex.org/W2013192604","https://openalex.org/W2036509677","https://openalex.org/W2051716212","https://openalex.org/W2063948384","https://openalex.org/W2137321978","https://openalex.org/W2151186028","https://openalex.org/W2157623413","https://openalex.org/W2480008253","https://openalex.org/W2495094942","https://openalex.org/W2518699836","https://openalex.org/W3215414548","https://openalex.org/W4300555961","https://openalex.org/W6726518276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528550519","https://openalex.org/W2386488386","https://openalex.org/W4250653393","https://openalex.org/W2074948766","https://openalex.org/W2991898223","https://openalex.org/W4239263589","https://openalex.org/W2186785697","https://openalex.org/W2114268851","https://openalex.org/W2023351108","https://openalex.org/W2506264013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u201cInformation\u201d":[0,88],"(=information":[1],"including":[2],"its":[3],"processing,":[4],"communication,":[5],"etc.)":[6],"is":[7,143],"indispensable":[8,149],"for":[9,34,112,162],"the":[10,19,30,35,67,84,92,125,131,145,148,156,181,184,187],"modern":[11],"understanding":[12],"of":[13,70,86,102,134,151,166],"processes":[14],"within":[15,155,186,195],"cells,":[16],"tissues,":[17],"organs,":[18],"organism,":[20],"but":[21,198],"also":[22,46],"between":[23,124,183,199],"individuals":[24],"and":[25,37,97,147,160,170,191,201],"social":[26,139],"structures.":[27],"Is":[28],"\u201cinformation\u201d":[29,103,152,167],"mathematically":[31],"applicable":[32,45],"substitute":[33],"omnipotent":[36],"in":[38,83],"all":[39],"living":[40],"entities":[41],"identical":[42],"Vis":[43,49,77],"Vitalis,":[44],"to":[47,90,130,179],"machines?":[48],"Vitalis":[50,78],"was":[51,59],"falsified":[52],"by":[53],"evolutionary":[54,106,127,157],"theory.":[55],"Its":[56],"explanatory":[57],"power":[58],"not":[60,177],"\u201csaved\u201d":[61],"with":[62,76],"an":[63,100,105,163],"alternative":[64],"hypothesis.":[65],"So":[66],"causal":[68],"explanation":[69],"what":[71],"could":[72],"be":[73,109,120],"handled":[74],"previously":[75],"remains":[79],"a":[80,135,138,196],"\u201cgrey":[81],"area\u201d":[82],"landscape":[85],"sciences.":[87],"seems":[89,175],"fill":[91],"gap":[93,182],"between,":[94],"e.g.,":[95],"body":[96],"mind.":[98],"Therefore,":[99],"analysis":[101,142],"from":[104],"view":[107],"can":[108],"helpful":[110],"even":[111],"information":[113],"sciences:":[114],"there":[115],"are":[116,168],"gaps":[117],"which":[118],"cannot":[119],"bridged":[121],"sufficiently,":[122],"especially":[123],"different":[126],"levels":[128,194],"up":[129],"\u201chierarchical":[132],"structure\u201d":[133],"person":[136],"as":[137],"being.":[140],"An":[141],"presented:":[144],"meaning":[146],"carriers":[150],"have":[153],"changed":[154],"processes.":[158],"Options":[159],"restrictions":[161],"evolution-oriented":[164],"use":[165],"discussed":[169],"applied.":[171],"Doing":[172],"this":[173],"it":[174],"possible":[176],"only":[178],"bridge":[180],"layers":[185],"biological,":[188],"emotional,":[189],"cognitive":[190],"intellectual":[192],"hierarchical":[193],"person,":[197],"persons":[200],"machines":[202],"too.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
