{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107061388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info4010075","title":"Epistemological Levelism and Dynamical Complex Systems: The Case of Crowd Behaviour","display_name":"Epistemological Levelism and Dynamical Complex Systems: The Case of Crowd Behaviour","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107061388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info4010075","mag":"2107061388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info4010075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info4010075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/4/1/75/pdf?version=1358260751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/4/1/75/pdf?version=1358260751","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043767376","display_name":"Stefania Bandini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7056-0543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefania Bandini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Complex Systems and Artificial Intelligence (CSAI) Research Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Viale Sarca 336/14, 20126 Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complex Systems and Artificial Intelligence (CSAI) Research Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Viale Sarca 336/14, 20126 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029626385","display_name":"Giuseppe Vizzari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7916-6438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Vizzari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Complex Systems and Artificial Intelligence (CSAI) Research Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Viale Sarca 336/14, 20126 Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complex Systems and Artificial Intelligence (CSAI) Research Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Viale Sarca 336/14, 20126 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043767376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1895568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"75","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.8775647282600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.7736189961433411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6688316464424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.6165323257446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5999189615249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.5805666446685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-systems-theory","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","score":0.47260648012161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4282684326171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.42776691913604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.427173376083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31666386127471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3035959005355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12784525752067566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.8775647282600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.7736189961433411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6688316464424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.6165323257446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5999189615249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.5805666446685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79379906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174497","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","level":2,"score":0.47260648012161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4282684326171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.42776691913604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.427173376083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31666386127471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3035959005355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12784525752067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info4010075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info4010075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/4/1/75/pdf?version=1358260751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/39899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10281/39899","pdf_url":"http://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/4/1/75","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.301.7532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.301.7532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/4/1/75/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b43fbd9f82f146009913d9a2a1d90cfd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b43fbd9f82f146009913d9a2a1d90cfd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 75-93 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info4010075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info4010075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/4/1/75/pdf?version=1358260751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2107061388.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2107061388.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48616921","https://openalex.org/W120525895","https://openalex.org/W155720748","https://openalex.org/W188547412","https://openalex.org/W596482269","https://openalex.org/W1500967704","https://openalex.org/W1511510665","https://openalex.org/W1513019119","https://openalex.org/W1531418028","https://openalex.org/W1536677750","https://openalex.org/W1567914851","https://openalex.org/W1659355396","https://openalex.org/W1976116146","https://openalex.org/W2003152501","https://openalex.org/W2021896564","https://openalex.org/W2026000422","https://openalex.org/W2026972188","https://openalex.org/W2044967239","https://openalex.org/W2045313942","https://openalex.org/W2053324546","https://openalex.org/W2064171501","https://openalex.org/W2073131864","https://openalex.org/W2074358686","https://openalex.org/W2079455354","https://openalex.org/W2088412920","https://openalex.org/W2089584121","https://openalex.org/W2094383724","https://openalex.org/W2094929870","https://openalex.org/W2096299435","https://openalex.org/W2098389881","https://openalex.org/W2098399738","https://openalex.org/W2102360367","https://openalex.org/W2102832719","https://openalex.org/W2105893725","https://openalex.org/W2114544326","https://openalex.org/W2121131042","https://openalex.org/W2123394050","https://openalex.org/W2129746290","https://openalex.org/W2137404164","https://openalex.org/W2149722565","https://openalex.org/W2150312211","https://openalex.org/W2151979650","https://openalex.org/W2154376416","https://openalex.org/W2162782919","https://openalex.org/W2167052694","https://openalex.org/W2171061915","https://openalex.org/W2914391295","https://openalex.org/W2917141187","https://openalex.org/W2963993701","https://openalex.org/W3136871220","https://openalex.org/W3145671133","https://openalex.org/W6630773451","https://openalex.org/W6632008029","https://openalex.org/W6663895554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1749168706","https://openalex.org/W606709926","https://openalex.org/W2980347456","https://openalex.org/W1643071209","https://openalex.org/W4299159492","https://openalex.org/W422913495","https://openalex.org/W1580333079","https://openalex.org/W2148067325","https://openalex.org/W2033921269","https://openalex.org/W4376137772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,54],"main":[1],"aim":[2],"of":[3,14,21,24,32,38,50,52,56,61,65],"this":[4],"paper":[5,47],"is":[6],"to":[7,17,83,95],"show":[8,84],"how":[9,85],"the":[10,22,57,62,69],"design":[11],"and":[12,19,28,68,76,89,97],"creation":[13],"computational":[15],"models":[16],"study":[18],"simulate":[20],"behaviour":[23,91],"dynamical":[25],"complex":[26,63],"systems,":[27],"in":[29,45,81],"particular":[30],"crowds":[31],"pedestrian,":[33],"actually":[34],"implicitly":[35],"employs":[36],"elements":[37],"a":[39],"framework":[40],"introduced":[41,80],"by":[42],"Luciano":[43],"Floridi":[44],"his":[46],"\u201cThe":[48],"Method":[49],"Levels":[51],"Abstraction\u201d.":[53],"example":[55],"computer":[58],"based":[59],"simulation":[60,99],"phenomenon":[64],"crowd":[66],"dynamics":[67],"related":[70],"knowledge":[71],"requiring":[72],"different":[73],"abstract":[74],"levels":[75],"representation":[77],"will":[78],"be":[79],"order":[82],"concepts":[86],"like":[87],"observables":[88],"system":[90],"are":[92],"commonly":[93],"employed":[94],"compare":[96],"evaluate":[98],"models.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}