{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087237858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info3040546","title":"A Toy Model for Torsorial Nature of Representations","display_name":"A Toy Model for Torsorial Nature of Representations","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087237858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info3040546","mag":"2087237858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info3040546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info3040546","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/3/4/546/pdf?version=1349765876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/3/4/546/pdf?version=1349765876","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055288525","display_name":"Makoto Yoshitake","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Yoshitake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Business Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Business Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055288525"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14627504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"546","last_page":"566"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.946399986743927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9042999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.8548169136047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.766666054725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.632681131362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closure","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","score":0.5875139832496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.542704701423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.423493891954422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-structure","display_name":"Algebraic structure","score":0.4212648868560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.40204542875289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.368832528591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3614164888858795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2852175831794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.148631751537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.08847218751907349}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.8548169136047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.766666054725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.632681131362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146834321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2979672","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5875139832496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.542704701423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.423493891954422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182419690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205464","display_name":"Algebraic structure","level":2,"score":0.4212648868560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.40204542875289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.368832528591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3614164888858795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2852175831794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.148631751537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.08847218751907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info3040546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info3040546","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/3/4/546/pdf?version=1349765876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4720cc8fbc2b44eeaef6ee0a4dd41f12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4720cc8fbc2b44eeaef6ee0a4dd41f12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 3, Iss 4, Pp 546-566 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info3040546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info3040546","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/3/4/546/pdf?version=1349765876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087237858.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087237858.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W608705948","https://openalex.org/W1503729935","https://openalex.org/W1528400046","https://openalex.org/W1568122425","https://openalex.org/W1787944530","https://openalex.org/W1964576186","https://openalex.org/W1977548458","https://openalex.org/W2111030512","https://openalex.org/W2138425376","https://openalex.org/W2789165999","https://openalex.org/W2962743955","https://openalex.org/W4235180952","https://openalex.org/W4255318870","https://openalex.org/W6631634803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W315394019","https://openalex.org/W2923398117","https://openalex.org/W4309585848","https://openalex.org/W2265383332","https://openalex.org/W4328130279","https://openalex.org/W2105009749","https://openalex.org/W4299387245","https://openalex.org/W583262921","https://openalex.org/W2036721792","https://openalex.org/W3154561285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,43],"presents":[2],"a":[3,29,45],"toy":[4,46,54,88],"model":[5,47,55,89],"for":[6],"the":[7,13,73,78,81,87],"representation":[8,14,60,85],"related":[9],"phenomena.":[10],"It":[11],"is":[12,16,25],"that":[15],"always":[17],"referred":[18],"to.":[19],"The":[20,53],"represented":[21],"thing":[22],"in":[23],"itself":[24],"indeterminate":[26],"existence":[27],"at":[28],"fundamental":[30],"level":[31],"of":[32,40,59,70,84,94],"understanding.":[33],"In":[34],"order":[35],"to":[36,66,90],"capture":[37],"such":[38],"property":[39,83],"representation,":[41],"this":[42,57],"provides":[44],"using":[48],"an":[49],"algebraic":[50],"structure:":[51],"torsor.":[52],"captures":[56],"baselessness":[58],"naturally,":[61],"and":[62,75,80],"can":[63],"be":[64],"used":[65],"describe":[67],"various":[68],"phenomena":[69],"representations.":[71,95],"Adopting":[72],"torsor":[74],"focusing":[76],"on":[77],"two-sidedness":[79],"closure":[82],"enables":[86],"express":[91],"some":[92],"consistency":[93]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}