{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163126958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17060544","title":"Vocational Teachers\u2019 Adoption of and Resistance to AI Teaching Tools: A Dual-Path Framework","display_name":"Vocational Teachers\u2019 Adoption of and Resistance to AI Teaching Tools: A Dual-Path Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163126958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17060544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17060544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17060544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17060544","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365368","display_name":"Jiaqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8414-2924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170751988","display_name":"Shanxi University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04nte7y58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170751988"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["CN","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Management of Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea","School of Finance and Business, Shanxi Vocational University of Culture and Tourism, Taiyuan 030032, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6678-8283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management of Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Finance and Business, Shanxi Vocational University of Culture and Tourism, Taiyuan 030032, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170751988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137678420","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170751988","display_name":"Shanxi University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04nte7y58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170751988"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8991828","display_name":"Pukyong National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0433kqc49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}],"countries":["CN","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economic Management, Shanxi Engineering Vocational College, Taiyuan 030009, China","Graduate School of Management of Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economic Management, Shanxi Engineering Vocational College, Taiyuan 030009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170751988"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management of Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8991828"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023207415","display_name":"Ni Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-4799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68635833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"544","last_page":"544"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.4745999872684479,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.4745999872684479,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.049400001764297485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attractiveness","display_name":"Attractiveness","score":0.8077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education","display_name":"Vocational education","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","score":0.6486999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-intelligence","display_name":"Emotional intelligence","score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.3434000015258789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31173074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632514","display_name":"Attractiveness","level":2,"score":0.8077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7016000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6486999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.41839998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174107131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191591","display_name":"Emotional intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193254068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261719","display_name":"Theory of multiple intelligences","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87868495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843","display_name":"Information processing","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17060544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17060544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ba1b6f2576c452096efbc2543769946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ba1b6f2576c452096efbc2543769946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 17, Iss 6, p 544 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17060544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17060544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027120589","https://openalex.org/W2046159042","https://openalex.org/W2109136746","https://openalex.org/W2116323796","https://openalex.org/W2122912498","https://openalex.org/W2145507836","https://openalex.org/W2162437324","https://openalex.org/W2169228794","https://openalex.org/W2905811773","https://openalex.org/W2937501193","https://openalex.org/W3013998503","https://openalex.org/W3021586725","https://openalex.org/W3041360206","https://openalex.org/W3047762280","https://openalex.org/W3095291804","https://openalex.org/W3113229589","https://openalex.org/W3123367002","https://openalex.org/W3135891156","https://openalex.org/W3162137248","https://openalex.org/W3165767308","https://openalex.org/W4200023115","https://openalex.org/W4220688946","https://openalex.org/W4220807739","https://openalex.org/W4221128354","https://openalex.org/W4224229986","https://openalex.org/W4225120275","https://openalex.org/W4229456833","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4237900122","https://openalex.org/W4281259547","https://openalex.org/W4282043886","https://openalex.org/W4293731327","https://openalex.org/W4294591119","https://openalex.org/W4311487064","https://openalex.org/W4321494359","https://openalex.org/W4378839863","https://openalex.org/W4379056190","https://openalex.org/W4384038549","https://openalex.org/W4385128080","https://openalex.org/W4386405611","https://openalex.org/W4398139642","https://openalex.org/W4400889262","https://openalex.org/W4401052634","https://openalex.org/W4401253689","https://openalex.org/W4401612740","https://openalex.org/W4403375426","https://openalex.org/W4404490940","https://openalex.org/W4405210418","https://openalex.org/W4406375720","https://openalex.org/W4406707699","https://openalex.org/W4406874247","https://openalex.org/W4407142103","https://openalex.org/W4408544132","https://openalex.org/W4408656469","https://openalex.org/W4409650618","https://openalex.org/W4410001082","https://openalex.org/W4412094761","https://openalex.org/W4412749651","https://openalex.org/W4417518906","https://openalex.org/W7118546730","https://openalex.org/W7128422179"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"becomes":[3],"increasingly":[4],"embedded":[5],"in":[6,30,187,213,227],"educational":[7,31],"practice,":[8],"how":[9],"teachers":[10,45,109],"evaluate":[11],"and":[12,27,50,72,88,110,135,157,191,202,224],"respond":[13],"to":[14,38,77,84,95,166],"AI":[15,96,167,214],"teaching":[16,97,168,215],"tools":[17,169],"has":[18,36],"become":[19],"an":[20],"important":[21],"issue":[22],"for":[23],"understanding":[24,209],"human\u2013AI":[25,228],"interaction":[26,229],"technology":[28],"application":[29],"contexts.":[32,230],"However,":[33],"existing":[34],"research":[35],"yet":[37],"provide":[39],"a":[40,79,174,183,197],"clear":[41],"explanation":[42],"of":[43,74,210,222],"why":[44],"form":[46],"divergent":[47],"decisions\u2014namely,":[48],"adoption":[49,124],"resistance\u2014toward":[51],"the":[52,62,86,116,152,208,220],"same":[53],"technology.":[54],"To":[55],"address":[56],"this":[57,59],"issue,":[58],"study":[60,206],"integrates":[61],"Artificial":[63],"Intelligence":[64],"Device":[65],"Use":[66],"Acceptance":[67],"framework,":[68,82],"Behavioral":[69],"Reasoning":[70],"Theory,":[71],"Diffusion":[73],"Innovation":[75],"Theory":[76],"develop":[78],"dual-path":[80,184],"analytical":[81],"aiming":[83],"uncover":[85],"evaluation":[87,223],"decision-making":[89,225],"mechanisms":[90,226],"underlying":[91],"vocational":[92,107],"teachers\u2019":[93,164],"responses":[94,165],"tools.":[98],"Based":[99],"on":[100],"survey":[101],"data":[102],"collected":[103],"from":[104],"503":[105],"Chinese":[106],"college":[108],"analyzed":[111],"using":[112],"structural":[113],"equation":[114],"modeling,":[115],"results":[117],"indicate":[118],"that":[119,163],"perceived":[120],"attractiveness":[121,134,201],"significantly":[122,150],"enhances":[123],"intention":[125],"through":[126],"positive":[127,155],"emotions,":[128],"whereas":[129],"risk":[130],"barriers":[131,142],"increase":[132],"alternative":[133,203],"thereby":[136],"indirectly":[137],"strengthen":[138],"resistance":[139,158],"intention.":[140,159],"Usage":[141],"show":[143],"no":[144],"significant":[145],"effect.":[146],"In":[147],"addition,":[148],"trust":[149],"moderates":[151],"relationship":[153],"between":[154,200],"emotions":[156],"The":[160],"findings":[161],"suggest":[162],"are":[170,179],"not":[171],"driven":[172],"by":[173,182,218],"single":[175],"behavioral":[176,211],"tendency":[177],"but":[178],"instead":[180],"shaped":[181],"decision":[185],"mechanism":[186],"which":[188],"cognitive":[189],"evaluations":[190],"affective":[192],"processing":[193],"jointly":[194],"operate,":[195],"with":[196],"core":[198],"trade-off":[199],"attractiveness.":[204],"This":[205],"deepens":[207],"divergence":[212],"tool":[216],"use":[217],"highlighting":[219],"role":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-06-03T00:00:00"}