{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162017537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050512","title":"CMA-YOLO: A Network for Wind Turbine Blade Surface Defect Detection with Multi-Scale Features and Dual Attention","display_name":"CMA-YOLO: A Network for Wind Turbine Blade Surface Defect Detection with Multi-Scale Features and Dual Attention","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162017537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17050512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050512","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128080456","display_name":"Weining Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107982497","display_name":"Dalian Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0523b6g79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weining Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9802-3926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136706556","display_name":"Songsong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107982497","display_name":"Dalian Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0523b6g79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songsong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136719369","display_name":"Xingshuo Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107982497","display_name":"Dalian Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0523b6g79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingshuo Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136667224","display_name":"Xu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4511-114X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107982497","display_name":"Dalian Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0523b6g79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4511-114X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136672442","display_name":"Yuhang Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107982497","display_name":"Dalian Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0523b6g79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132878232","display_name":"Xiaoming Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science of DUT, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5717-8438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science of DUT, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63498776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"512","last_page":"512"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.3215000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.3215000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.12129999697208405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.10939999669790268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.5724999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4458000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flops","display_name":"FLOPS","score":0.4235000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6699000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.5724999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4458000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20381859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829511","display_name":"Turbine blade","level":3,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12518","display_name":"Tower","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17050512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e13791ddb4154882b84f1869bd8b8f4d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e13791ddb4154882b84f1869bd8b8f4d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 17, Iss 5, p 512 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17050512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8697724342346191}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G449825272","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51778104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4973463064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DL202005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324560","funder_display_name":"Department of Education of Liaoning Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324560","display_name":"Department of Education of Liaoning Province","ror":"https://ror.org/0022v2454"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006957333","https://openalex.org/W2010113916","https://openalex.org/W2016262560","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2554763293","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W3034159764","https://openalex.org/W3034421924","https://openalex.org/W3034930876","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3117185076","https://openalex.org/W3134932951","https://openalex.org/W3144914540","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W3197885267","https://openalex.org/W4221148805","https://openalex.org/W4224940354","https://openalex.org/W4226224676","https://openalex.org/W4313167352","https://openalex.org/W4372347372","https://openalex.org/W4385198213","https://openalex.org/W4392165123","https://openalex.org/W4394566952","https://openalex.org/W4400073289","https://openalex.org/W4400745919","https://openalex.org/W4403770406","https://openalex.org/W4409173118","https://openalex.org/W4410325907","https://openalex.org/W4411954865","https://openalex.org/W4414097113","https://openalex.org/W7117486472","https://openalex.org/W7147076997"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,62,96,136],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"CMA-YOLO,":[3],"a":[4,45,83,177,192],"network":[5,65],"that":[6],"integrates":[7],"multi-scale":[8,73],"features":[9],"with":[10,93,116,132,140,176],"dual":[11,94,109],"attention":[12,110],"mechanisms":[13],"to":[14,160],"address":[15],"weak":[16],"feature":[17,142],"representation,":[18],"low":[19,117],"detection":[20,114,153],"accuracy,":[21],"and":[22,55,68,76,130,144,150,172,194],"loss":[23,149],"of":[24,102,165],"fine-grained":[25,147],"details":[26],"in":[27,127,167,170,174,181,206],"deep":[28],"networks":[29],"for":[30,197],"wind":[31,203],"turbine":[32],"blade":[33,199],"surface":[34,200],"defect":[35,152],"detection.":[36],"First,":[37],"we":[38,81,121],"construct":[39],"the":[40,59,64,99,103,123,128,133,186],"C2MSA":[41],"module":[42],"by":[43],"designing":[44],"Multi-scale":[46],"Feature-enhanced":[47],"Attention":[48,87],"Convolution":[49],"Mix":[50],"(MS-ACmix)":[51],"based":[52],"on":[53,202],"ACmix":[54],"embedding":[56],"it":[57],"into":[58],"C2PSA":[60],"block.":[61],"lets":[63],"capture":[66],"local":[67],"global":[69],"contextual":[70],"features,":[71],"strengthening":[72],"target":[74],"recognition":[75],"lowering":[77],"missed":[78],"detections.":[79],"Second,":[80],"devise":[82],"Monte":[84,104],"Carlo":[85,105],"Dual":[86],"(MCDA)":[88],"mechanism":[89],"combining":[90],"random":[91],"sampling":[92],"attention.":[95],"approach":[97,196],"retains":[98],"regularization":[100],"benefits":[101],"method":[106],"while":[107],"leveraging":[108],"selection,":[111],"enabling":[112],"improved":[113],"accuracy":[115],"computational":[118,182],"cost.":[119],"Finally,":[120],"substitute":[122],"original":[124],"downsampling":[125],"layers":[126],"backbone":[129],"neck":[131],"ADown":[134],"module.":[135],"lightweight":[137,193],"design,":[138],"together":[139],"efficient":[141],"extraction":[143],"fusion,":[145],"reduces":[146],"detail":[148],"improves":[151],"capability.":[154],"Quantitative":[155],"results":[156],"reveal":[157],"that,":[158],"compared":[159],"YOLO11n,":[161],"CMA-YOLO":[162,190],"yields":[163],"improvements":[164],"3.4%":[166],"mAP@0.5,":[168],"6.1%":[169],"mAP@0.5:0.95,":[171],"8.8%":[173],"recall,":[175],"0.7":[178],"GFLOPs":[179],"reduction":[180],"cost,":[183],"thus":[184],"validating":[185],"proposed":[187],"algorithm.":[188],"Overall,":[189],"provides":[191],"effective":[195],"inspecting":[198],"defects":[201],"turbines":[204],"operating":[205],"resource-limited":[207],"settings.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-05-22T00:00:00"}