{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155554756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050403","title":"Towards Domain Balance Based on Semantic Decomposition for Patent Relevance Assessment","display_name":"Towards Domain Balance Based on Semantic Decomposition for Patent Relevance Assessment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155554756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17050403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050403","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/5/403/pdf?version=1776951584","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/5/403/pdf?version=1776951584","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134489597","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134563640","display_name":"Yang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134561416","display_name":"Jianjun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9108-4965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9108-4965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108131904","display_name":"Teng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5094-1294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5134489597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48208069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"403","last_page":"403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.8633000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.8633000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.6362000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6111000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6014000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5705000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.36320000886917114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7175999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6362000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6111000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6014000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5705000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43869999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193669473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5001867","display_name":"Business domain","level":5,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124975894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293290","display_name":"Ranking SVM","level":3,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17050403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050403","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/5/403/pdf?version=1776951584","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f825c62f3f404101a11219a7a6c750c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f825c62f3f404101a11219a7a6c750c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 17, Iss 5, p 403 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17050403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17050403","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/5/403/pdf?version=1776951584","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G319276028","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7155554756.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7155554756.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"studies":[1],"increasingly":[2],"leverage":[3],"pre-trained":[4],"language":[5],"models":[6],"(PLMs)":[7],"for":[8,88,160],"patent":[9,17,21,89,236],"relevance":[10,31,90],"assessment.":[11,32,91],"In":[12,45,135],"practice,":[13],"whether":[14],"a":[15,27,50,68,94,120,173],"query":[16,51,95],"and":[18,52,81,96,109,152,183,208,223,234],"the":[19,23,53,97,101,113,132,144,169,179,188],"candidate":[20,54,98],"share":[22],"technical":[24,102,146],"domain":[25,38,57,60,128,157,232],"is":[26,105,124,140,226],"critical":[28],"factor":[29],"in":[30,131,203,206,210],"Existing":[33],"PLM-based":[34],"rerankers":[35],"usually":[36],"ignore":[37],"information,":[39],"leading":[40],"to":[41,99,126,142,230],"domain-insensitive":[42,110,153,224],"semantic":[43,76],"modeling.":[44],"particular,":[46],"distributional":[47],"discrepancies":[48],"between":[49,181],"with":[55,84,116,156,163],"different":[56,213],"labels":[58],"introduce":[59],"bias.":[61],"To":[62],"address":[63],"these":[64],"issues,":[65],"we":[66],"propose":[67],"Domain-Sensitive":[69],"Semantic":[70],"Decomposition":[71],"Network":[72],"(DSSDNet),":[73],"including":[74],"native":[75],"decomposition,":[77],"multi-field":[78,137],"fusion":[79,138],"regression":[80,139],"pairwise":[82,161],"ranking":[83,162,175],"hard":[85,164],"negative":[86,165,184],"mining,":[87,166],"It":[92],"takes":[93],"generate":[100],"representation":[103],"which":[104],"decomposed":[106],"into":[107],"domain-sensitive":[108,133,151,222],"parts":[111],"via":[112],"gating":[114],"mechanism":[115],"three":[117],"constraints.":[118],"And":[119],"domain-balanced":[121],"focal":[122],"loss":[123],"designed":[125],"remove":[127],"bias":[129,233],"existing":[130],"part.":[134],"addition,":[136],"introduced":[141],"model":[143],"overall":[145],"semantics":[147,225],"by":[148],"incorporating":[149],"both":[150],"parts,":[154],"along":[155],"information.":[158],"As":[159],"it":[167],"optimizes":[168],"re-ranking":[170,237],"objective":[171],"from":[172],"holistic":[174],"perspective":[176],"through":[177],"increasing":[178],"margin":[180],"positive":[182],"instances.":[185],"Experiments":[186],"on":[187],"public":[189],"CLEF-IP":[190],"2011":[191],"demonstrate":[192],"that":[193,219],"DSSDNet":[194],"consistently":[195],"outperforms":[196],"strong":[197],"baselines,":[198],"achieving":[199],"gains":[200],"of":[201],"2.5\u201317%":[202],"Recall,":[204],"2\u20137%":[205],"MAP,":[207],"3\u201315%":[209],"PRES":[211],"at":[212],"cut-off":[214],"levels.":[215],"These":[216],"results":[217],"indicate":[218],"explicitly":[220],"modeling":[221],"an":[227],"effective":[228],"way":[229],"mitigate":[231],"enhance":[235],"performance.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-04-25T00:00:00"}