{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134839145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030274","title":"A Training-Free LLM Framework with Interaction Between Contextually Related Subtasks in Solving Complex Tasks","display_name":"A Training-Free LLM Framework with Interaction Between Contextually Related Subtasks in Solving Complex Tasks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134839145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17030274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030274","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/3/274/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/3/274/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008021869","display_name":"Hongjia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7107-3731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128639695","display_name":"Jinlong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinlong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5128639695"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26381745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"274","last_page":"274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.40529999136924744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.40529999136924744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.07670000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.07129999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interaction-information","display_name":"Interaction information","score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.3301999866962433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8033999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38764148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098245","display_name":"Interaction information","level":2,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17030274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030274","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/3/274/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:361c02261cf4444b92be32c02e5ccf0c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/361c02261cf4444b92be32c02e5ccf0c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 17, Iss 3, p 274 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17030274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030274","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/3/274/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7134839145.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7134839145.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"shown":[5],"remarkable":[6],"capabilities":[7],"in":[8,67,121],"solving":[9],"complex":[10],"tasks.":[11],"Recent":[12],"work":[13],"has":[14],"explored":[15],"decomposing":[16],"such":[17],"tasks":[18],"into":[19],"subtasks":[20,28,69,88,120],"with":[21,51],"independent":[22],"contexts.":[23],"However,":[24],"some":[25],"contextually":[26],"related":[27],"may":[29],"encounter":[30],"information":[31,62],"loss":[32],"during":[33,99],"execution,":[34,100],"leading":[35],"to":[36,59,82,117],"redundant":[37],"operations":[38],"or":[39,63],"execution":[40,110],"failures.":[41],"To":[42,73],"address":[43],"this":[44],"issue,":[45],"we":[46,76,94],"propose":[47,95],"a":[48,57,78,96,103,115],"training-free":[49],"framework":[50,128],"an":[52],"interaction":[53,91,123],"mechanism,":[54],"which":[55,101],"enables":[56],"subtask":[58,79],"query":[60],"specific":[61],"trigger":[64],"certain":[65],"actions":[66],"completed":[68,87],"by":[70,143],"sending":[71],"requests.":[72,92,126],"implement":[74],"interaction,":[75],"introduce":[77],"trajectory":[80],"memory":[81],"enable":[83],"the":[84,109,140],"resumption":[85],"of":[86,108,114],"upon":[89],"receiving":[90],"Additionally,":[93],"new":[97],"action":[98],"generates":[102],"concise":[104],"and":[105,112,125,131,137,145],"precise":[106],"description":[107],"process":[111],"outcomes":[113],"subtask,":[116],"assist":[118],"subsequent":[119],"determining":[122],"targets":[124],"Our":[127],"achieves":[129],"46.0%":[130],"52.6%":[132],"success":[133],"rates":[134],"on":[135],"WebShop":[136],"HotpotQA,":[138],"outperforming":[139],"strong":[141],"baselines":[142],"1.0":[144],"2.6":[146],"absolute":[147],"percentage":[148],"points,":[149],"respectively.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2026-03-11T00:00:00"}
