{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128432270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020176","title":"A Verifiable and Redactable Blockchain with Lightweight Storage and Permission Supervision","display_name":"A Verifiable and Redactable Blockchain with Lightweight Storage and Permission Supervision","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128432270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17020176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/176/pdf?version=1770892798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/176/pdf?version=1770892798","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003022440","display_name":"Meixia Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9503-4013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meixia Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Blockchain Security, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","School of Cyberspace Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Blockchain Security, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044326225","display_name":"Xueyi Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002582574","display_name":"Jianghong Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0286-7973"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianghong Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0286-7973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013399667","display_name":"Guohua Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9775-695X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guohua Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks (ISN), Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9775-695X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks (ISN), Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125443230","display_name":"Willy Susilo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willy Susilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-5105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013399667"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20676629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"176","last_page":"176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.6202999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.6202999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.15289999544620514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.12729999423027039,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.7081000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integrity","display_name":"Data integrity","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merkle-tree","display_name":"Merkle tree","score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redaction","display_name":"Redaction","score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-authentication-code","display_name":"Message authentication code","score":0.48339998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4542999863624573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7466999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.7081000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6708999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14746","display_name":"Merkle tree","level":4,"score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776795254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q561071","display_name":"Redaction","level":2,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.48339998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11045955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162410","display_name":"ElGamal encryption","level":4,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80958533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047174","display_name":"Audit trail","level":3,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168941894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3483645","display_name":"Ring signature","level":4,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159718280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5526353","display_name":"Gas meter prover","level":3,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93636275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196776","display_name":"Certificate authority","level":4,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202775310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140366","display_name":"Trusted Platform Module","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17020176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/176/pdf?version=1770892798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:76caf7a5d0d1421f834395ed3828ce95","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/76caf7a5d0d1421f834395ed3828ce95","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 17, Iss 2, p 176 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17020176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/176/pdf?version=1770892798","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5402318835258484}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2327927130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272386","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4573392327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024GX-ZDCYL-01-09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6081116913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62572483","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8776084118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62402360","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328715","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335768","display_name":"National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128432270.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128432270.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,11,40,53,62,79,89,105],"promising":[2],"decentralized":[3],"paradigm,":[4],"the":[5,125,130,151,156,160,174],"verifiable":[6,55,95],"and":[7,17,36,45,56,70,97,153,169],"redactable":[8,57],"blockchain":[9,58,157],"offers":[10],"feasible":[12],"solution":[13],"for":[14],"achieving":[15],"authorized":[16],"controlled":[18],"redaction":[19,46,96],"of":[20,155,162],"on-chain":[21,100,120],"data.":[22,101],"However,":[23],"existing":[24],"schemes":[25],"suffer":[26],"from":[27],"rapidly":[28],"expanding":[29],"ledgers":[30],"caused":[31],"by":[32,138],"authentication":[33,64,81],"data":[34,82,121],"structures":[35],"fail":[37],"to":[38,66,88,118,128,133,149],"strike":[39],"balance":[41],"between":[42],"permission":[43,71],"supervision":[44],"efficiency.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49,74],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,76,103,143],"propose":[52,144],"novel":[54],"scheme":[59,176],"that":[60,84,173],"introduces":[61],"dual-level":[63,80,106],"architecture":[65],"achieve":[67],"lightweight":[68],"storage":[69],"supervision.":[72],"To":[73],"end,":[75],"first":[77],"design":[78],"structure":[83],"appends":[85],"all":[86],"blocks":[87],"constant-size":[90],"global":[91],"tag,":[92],"while":[93],"supporting":[94],"query":[98],"over":[99],"Likewise,":[102],"introduce":[104],"chameleon":[107],"hash":[108],"structure,":[109],"which":[110],"not":[111],"only":[112],"employs":[113],"committee":[114,140],"members":[115],"holding":[116],"sub-keys":[117],"redact":[119],"but":[122],"also":[123],"enables":[124],"certificate":[126],"authority":[127],"use":[129],"master":[131],"key":[132],"correct":[134],"malicious":[135],"redactions":[136],"executed":[137],"corrupted":[139],"members.":[141],"Furthermore,":[142],"an":[145],"efficient":[146],"auditing":[147],"protocol":[148],"enhance":[150],"integrity":[152],"consistency":[154],"ledger":[158],"during":[159],"process":[161],"synchronous":[163],"circulation.":[164],"Finally,":[165],"both":[166],"security":[167],"analysis":[168],"performance":[170],"evaluation":[171],"prove":[172],"proposed":[175],"is":[177],"practical.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}
