{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128308027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020171","title":"Data-Driven Model Reference Neural Control for Four-Leg Inverters Under DC-Link Voltage Variations","display_name":"Data-Driven Model Reference Neural Control for Four-Leg Inverters Under DC-Link Voltage Variations","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128308027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17020171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/171/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/171/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068120252","display_name":"A.J. Mar\u00edn-Hurtado","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200183955","display_name":"Technological University of Pereira","ror":"https://ror.org/01d981710","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200183955"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana J. Mar\u00edn-Hurtado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group in Power Electronics, Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0084-2721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group in Power Electronics, Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200183955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125359681","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Escobar-Mej\u00eda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200183955","display_name":"Technological University of Pereira","ror":"https://ror.org/01d981710","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200183955"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9s Escobar-Mej\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group in Power Electronics, Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0061-4278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group in Power Electronics, Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200183955"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015383779","display_name":"Eduardo Giraldo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-2731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200183955","display_name":"Technological University of Pereira","ror":"https://ror.org/01d981710","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200183955"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Giraldo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group in Automatic Control, Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-2731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group in Automatic Control, Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200183955"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16394372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"171","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.8493000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.8493000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.039000000804662704,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.03099999949336052,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6894999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.43849998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-reference","display_name":"Voltage reference","score":0.3901999890804291}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6894999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5666999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43849998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44351266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465532","display_name":"Voltage reference","level":3,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156120966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940742","display_name":"Voltage controller","level":5,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150189527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356674","display_name":"Reference model","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55000061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24894777","display_name":"Current sensor","level":3,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196226539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940752","display_name":"Voltage regulation","level":3,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17020171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/171/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48b18b8c4410473e94be04fb33188eba","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48b18b8c4410473e94be04fb33188eba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 17, Iss 2, p 171 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info17020171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info17020171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/17/2/171/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9034543633460999}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2490390876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6-25-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327944","funder_display_name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3839293903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6-23-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327944","funder_display_name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327944","display_name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira","ror":"https://ror.org/01d981710"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128308027.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128308027.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,102,190,211],"Four-Leg":[1],"Three-Phase":[2],"Voltage":[3],"Source":[4],"Inverter":[5],"(4LVSI)":[6],"is":[7,37,154,193],"a":[8,29,81,90,114,206],"versatile":[9],"solution":[10],"for":[11,31,89,98],"integrating":[12],"renewable":[13],"energy":[14],"sources":[15],"(RESs)":[16],"into":[17],"distribution":[18],"networks,":[19],"as":[20,52,113,151],"it":[21,226],"compensates":[22],"unbalanced":[23],"voltages":[24],"and":[25,43,176,199,230,237,260],"currents":[26],"while":[27],"providing":[28],"path":[30],"zero-sequence":[32],"components.":[33],"Accurate":[34],"current":[35,223,253],"control":[36,86],"essential":[38],"to":[39,75,94,170,233,264],"ensure":[40],"power":[41],"quality":[42],"reliable":[44],"operation":[45],"under":[46,61,243],"these":[47],"conditions.":[48],"Conventional":[49],"controllers":[50],"such":[51],"proportional\u2013integral,":[53],"resonant,":[54],"or":[55,187],"feedback-linearization":[56],"methods":[57],"achieve":[58],"acceptable":[59],"tracking":[60],"static":[62],"dc-link":[63,70,99,136,181,244],"conditions,":[64],"but":[65,142],"their":[66,152],"performance":[67],"degrades":[68],"when":[69],"voltage":[71,100,245],"dynamics":[72,175],"arise":[73],"due":[74],"renewable-source":[76],"fluctuations.":[77],"This":[78,166],"paper":[79],"proposes":[80],"data-driven":[82,148],"model":[83],"reference":[84],"neural":[85,117,158],"(MRNC)":[87],"strategy":[88],"four-leg":[91],"inverter":[92,174],"connected":[93],"RESs,":[95],"explicitly":[96,141],"accounting":[97],"variations.":[101],"proposed":[103,191,248],"controller":[104,169,218,249],"reformulates":[105],"the":[106,126,135,147,157,168,173,178,215,220,234,247,252,265],"classical":[107],"Model":[108],"Reference":[109],"Adaptive":[110],"Control":[111],"(MRAC)":[112],"lightweight":[115],"single-layer":[116],"network":[118,159],"whose":[119],"adaptive":[120],"weights":[121],"are":[122,138,143],"updated":[123],"online":[124],"using":[125],"Recursive":[127],"Least":[128],"Squares":[129],"(RLS)":[130],"algorithm.":[131],"In":[132],"this":[133],"framework,":[134],"variations":[137],"not":[139],"modeled":[140],"implicitly":[144],"learned":[145],"through":[146,195],"adaptation":[149],"process,":[150],"influence":[153],"captured":[155],"in":[156],"regressors":[160],"formed":[161],"from":[162],"real-time":[163,200],"input\u2013output":[164],"measurements.":[165],"allows":[167],"continuously":[171],"identify":[172],"compensate":[177],"effect":[179],"of":[180,257],"fluctuations":[182],"without":[183],"requiring":[184],"additional":[185],"observers":[186],"prior":[188],"modeling.":[189],"approach":[192],"validated":[194],"detailed":[196],"time-domain":[197],"simulations":[198],"Hardware-in-the-Loop":[201],"(HIL)":[202],"experiments":[203],"implemented":[204],"at":[205],"10":[207],"kHz":[208],"switching":[209],"frequency.":[210],"results":[212],"indicated":[213],"that":[214],"RLS-based":[216],"MRNC":[217],"achieved":[219],"lowest":[221],"steady-state":[222],"error,":[224],"reducing":[225],"by":[227],"approximately":[228],"1.85%":[229],"1%":[231],"compared":[232],"Proportional-Resonant":[235],"(PR)":[236],"One-Step-Ahead":[238],"(OSAC)":[239],"controllers,":[240],"respectively.":[241],"Moreover,":[242],"variations,":[246],"significantly":[250],"reduced":[251],"overshoot,":[254],"achieving":[255],"decreases":[256],"5.9":[258],"A":[259,262],"6.36":[261],"relative":[263],"PR":[266],"controller.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-09T00:00:00"}
