{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416600967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16121021","title":"YOLO11-FGA: Express Package Quality Detection Based on Improved YOLO11","display_name":"YOLO11-FGA: Express Package Quality Detection Based on Improved YOLO11","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416600967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16121021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16121021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16121021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16121021","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783170","display_name":"Peng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5893-600X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174104030","display_name":"Taiyuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051k00p03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174104030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174104030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120516292","display_name":"Guanglei Qiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174104030","display_name":"Taiyuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051k00p03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174104030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanglei Qiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174104030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010098036","display_name":"Yangrui Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5356-7957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174104030","display_name":"Taiyuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051k00p03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174104030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangrui Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174104030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101793945","display_name":"Yu Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7208-2688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174104030","display_name":"Taiyuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051k00p03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174104030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174104030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Junye Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174104030","display_name":"Taiyuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/051k00p03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174104030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junye Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174104030"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101311536","display_name":"Zhen Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2962-6334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2962-6334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100783170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174104030"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.0951,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80073014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"1021","last_page":"1021"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.8780999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.8780999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.05700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.7558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5547999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5188000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.44369998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.3578999936580658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.7558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6984999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5547999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5188000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44369998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16121021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16121021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:369945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/60447.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4990b28800b8439196162f9b286ca9c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4990b28800b8439196162f9b286ca9c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 12, p 1021 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16121021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16121021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034421924","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3044657819","https://openalex.org/W3158281165","https://openalex.org/W4210603137","https://openalex.org/W4315782998","https://openalex.org/W4386047745","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4387459272","https://openalex.org/W4388327888","https://openalex.org/W4391748388","https://openalex.org/W4392642027","https://openalex.org/W4400188138","https://openalex.org/W4400665226","https://openalex.org/W4400822526","https://openalex.org/W4403874883","https://openalex.org/W4404953082","https://openalex.org/W4405018939","https://openalex.org/W4405907339","https://openalex.org/W4406560064","https://openalex.org/W4407111004","https://openalex.org/W4410581016","https://openalex.org/W4413147046"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"response":[1,18,52],"to":[2,46,96,124],"the":[3,10,35,42,61,64,69,86,91,99,125,135,170,174],"rapidly":[4],"increasing":[5],"volume":[6],"of":[7,12,41,63,137,173],"express":[8,21,194],"parcels,":[9],"challenges":[11],"insufficient":[13],"detection":[14,24,49,100,115,127,180,197],"accuracy":[15,50,136,158],"and":[16,51,93,101,108,133,164,183],"slow":[17],"speed":[19],"in":[20,57,157,198],"parcel":[22,195],"quality":[23,196],"systems":[25],"have":[26],"become":[27],"prominent.":[28],"To":[29,112],"address":[30],"these":[31],"issues,":[32],"we":[33,84],"propose":[34],"YOLO11-FGA":[36,152,175],"algorithm,":[37,176],"an":[38,117],"enhanced":[39,179],"version":[40],"YOLO11n":[43],"model":[44,59],"designed":[45],"improve":[47,114],"both":[48],"speed.":[53],"The":[54],"key":[55],"innovation":[56],"this":[58],"is":[60,122,142],"introduction":[62],"FasterNet":[65],"backbone,":[66],"which":[67,89,141,177],"enhances":[68],"feature":[70,102,131],"extraction":[71,103],"capabilities":[72],"while":[73],"maintaining":[74],"a":[75,188],"lightweight":[76],"design,":[77],"thus":[78],"improving":[79],"overall":[80],"computational":[81,184],"efficiency.":[82],"Additionally,":[83],"incorporate":[85],"C3k2_GhostDynamicConv":[87],"module,":[88],"combines":[90],"GhostBottleneck":[92],"DynamicConv":[94],"structures":[95],"significantly":[97],"enhance":[98],"capabilities,":[104],"particularly":[105],"for":[106,144,192],"subtle":[107],"complex":[109],"packaging":[110],"defects.":[111,147],"further":[113],"performance,":[116],"Auxiliary":[118],"training":[119],"head":[120],"(Aux)":[121],"added":[123],"YOLO11":[126],"head,":[128],"enhancing":[129],"multi-scale":[130],"fusion":[132],"boosting":[134],"small":[138],"target":[139],"detection,":[140],"essential":[143],"identifying":[145],"minor":[146],"Experimental":[148],"results":[149,168],"demonstrate":[150],"that":[151],"outperforms":[153],"YOLO11n,":[154],"with":[155],"improvements":[156],"(1.1%),":[159],"recall":[160],"(1.3%),":[161],"mAP@0.5":[162],"(2.3%),":[163],"mAP@0.5:0.95":[165],"(1.4%).":[166],"These":[167],"highlight":[169],"superior":[171],"performance":[172],"offers":[178],"accuracy,":[181],"robustness,":[182],"efficiency,":[185],"making":[186],"it":[187],"highly":[189],"effective":[190],"solution":[191],"real-time":[193],"logistics":[199],"applications.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}