{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415952368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16110962","title":"A Comparative Study of Quantum Haar Wavelet and Quantum Fourier Transforms for Quantum Image Transmission","display_name":"A Comparative Study of Quantum Haar Wavelet and Quantum Fourier Transforms for Quantum Image Transmission","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415952368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16110962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16110962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16110962","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/11/962/pdf?version=1762400497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/11/962/pdf?version=1762400497","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096199405","display_name":"Udara Jayasinghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1332-9786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Udara Jayasinghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1332-9786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113285066","display_name":"Thanuj Fernando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3336-620X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanuj Fernando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3336-620X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063474698","display_name":"Anil Fernando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2158-2367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Fernando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2158-2367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5096199405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16340431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"962","last_page":"962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.657800018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.657800018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.24079999327659607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haar-wavelet","display_name":"Haar wavelet","score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-error-correction","display_name":"Quantum error correction","score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-channel","display_name":"Quantum channel","score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-fourier-transform","display_name":"Quantum Fourier transform","score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-capacity","display_name":"Quantum capacity","score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.4059000015258789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5958999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780423554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766198","display_name":"Haar wavelet","level":5,"score":0.5613999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187486625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122176","display_name":"Quantum channel","level":4,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59500034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464944","display_name":"Quantum Fourier transform","level":5,"score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41241483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269015","display_name":"Quantum capacity","level":5,"score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192122513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835770","display_name":"Quantum phase estimation algorithm","level":5,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43682372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269080","display_name":"Quantum operation","level":4,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206040425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4748511","display_name":"Amplitude damping channel","level":5,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11255438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269085","display_name":"Quantum process","level":4,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16110962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16110962","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/11/962/pdf?version=1762400497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:94657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1519603.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/94657/1/Jayasinghe-etal-information-2025-A-comparative-study-of-quantum-Haar-wavelet-and-quantum-Fourier-transforms.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c3f31f7c6cc4e4e8c15f5997ac074de","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c3f31f7c6cc4e4e8c15f5997ac074de","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 11, p 962 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16110962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16110962","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/11/962/pdf?version=1762400497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415952368.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415952368.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535508119","https://openalex.org/W2047856763","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2130768170","https://openalex.org/W2137032784","https://openalex.org/W2140196014","https://openalex.org/W2159269332","https://openalex.org/W2287855069","https://openalex.org/W2963127785","https://openalex.org/W2963510702","https://openalex.org/W2988288737","https://openalex.org/W3010036675","https://openalex.org/W3136036160","https://openalex.org/W3139648670","https://openalex.org/W3158814930","https://openalex.org/W4205635237","https://openalex.org/W4224297686","https://openalex.org/W4285609063","https://openalex.org/W4321021206","https://openalex.org/W4377983763","https://openalex.org/W4379875086","https://openalex.org/W4381799171","https://openalex.org/W4386883660","https://openalex.org/W4387653473","https://openalex.org/W4389168214","https://openalex.org/W4390970257","https://openalex.org/W4396524497","https://openalex.org/W4398169532","https://openalex.org/W4398760978","https://openalex.org/W4399602180","https://openalex.org/W4400882851","https://openalex.org/W4400973774","https://openalex.org/W4401194777","https://openalex.org/W4401725552","https://openalex.org/W4402594792","https://openalex.org/W4403094634","https://openalex.org/W4404332080","https://openalex.org/W4407168348","https://openalex.org/W4407781732","https://openalex.org/W4408609755","https://openalex.org/W4409249375","https://openalex.org/W4409325960","https://openalex.org/W4409628646","https://openalex.org/W4411143407","https://openalex.org/W4412795657","https://openalex.org/W4413218451"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"communication":[1],"has":[2,60],"achieved":[3],"significant":[4],"performance":[5,56,154],"gains":[6],"compared":[7,183],"to":[8,14,103,127,142,184,203],"classical":[9],"systems":[10],"but":[11,216],"remains":[12],"sensitive":[13],"channel":[15,101],"noise":[16],"and":[17,39,80,119,170,180],"decoherence.":[18],"These":[19],"limitations":[20],"become":[21,217],"especially":[22],"critical":[23],"in":[24,239],"quantum":[25,45,76,82,113,131,240],"image":[26,89,181,241],"transmission,":[27],"where":[28],"high-dimensional":[29],"visual":[30],"data":[31],"must":[32],"be":[33],"preserved":[34],"with":[35,95],"both":[36],"structural":[37,213,229],"fidelity":[38],"robustness.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"context,":[43],"transform-based":[44],"encoding":[46,118],"methods":[47],"have":[48],"emerged":[49],"as":[50],"promising":[51],"approaches,":[52],"yet":[53],"their":[54],"relative":[55],"under":[57,155],"noisy":[58,130,156],"conditions":[59],"not":[61],"been":[62],"fully":[63],"explored.":[64],"This":[65,187],"paper":[66],"presents":[67],"a":[68,236],"comparative":[69],"study":[70],"of":[71],"two":[72],"such":[73],"methods,":[74],"the":[75,81,134,136,144,150,185],"Fourier":[77],"transform":[78,85],"(QFT)":[79],"Haar":[83],"wavelet":[84],"(QHWT),":[86],"within":[87],"an":[88],"transmission":[90,128],"framework.":[91],"The":[92,107],"process":[93],"begins":[94],"source":[96],"coding":[97,102],"(JPEG/HEIF),":[98],"followed":[99],"by":[100],"enhance":[104],"error":[105],"resilience.":[106],"bitstreams":[108],"are":[109,140,223],"then":[110],"mapped":[111],"into":[112],"states":[114],"using":[115,121],"variable":[116],"qubit":[117,178],"transformed":[120],"either":[122],"QFT":[123,151,191,231],"or":[124],"QHWT":[125,207,227],"prior":[126],"over":[129],"channels.":[132],"At":[133],"receiver,":[135],"corresponding":[137],"decoding":[138],"operations":[139],"applied":[141],"reconstruct":[143],"images.":[145],"Simulation":[146],"results":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"that":[149,211],"achieves":[152],"superior":[153,233],"conditions,":[157],"consistently":[158],"delivering":[159],"higher":[160],"Peak":[161],"Signal-to-Noise":[162],"Ratio":[163],"(PSNR),":[164],"Structural":[165],"Similarity":[166],"Index":[167,173],"Measure":[168],"(SSIM),":[169],"Universal":[171],"Quality":[172],"(UQI)":[174],"values":[175],"across":[176,195],"different":[177],"sizes":[179],"formats":[182],"QHWT.":[186],"advantage":[188],"arises":[189],"because":[190],"uniformly":[192],"spreads":[193],"information":[194],"all":[196],"basis":[197],"states,":[198],"making":[199],"it":[200],"more":[201],"resilient":[202],"noise.":[204],"By":[205],"contrast,":[206],"generates":[208],"localized":[209],"coefficients":[210,222],"capture":[212],"details":[214],"effectively":[215],"highly":[218],"vulnerable":[219],"when":[220],"dominant":[221],"corrupted.":[224],"Consequently,":[225],"while":[226],"emphasizes":[228],"fidelity,":[230],"provides":[232],"robustness,":[234],"underscoring":[235],"fundamental":[237],"trade-off":[238],"communication.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}