{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412956464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16080667","title":"Implementing Zero Trust: Expert Insights on Key Security Pillars and Prioritization in Digital Transformation","display_name":"Implementing Zero Trust: Expert Insights on Key Security Pillars and Prioritization in Digital Transformation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412956464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16080667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16080667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16080667","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/8/667/pdf?version=1754380426","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/8/667/pdf?version=1754380426","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063206409","display_name":"Francesca Santucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5542-843X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125353","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqx4x78","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Santucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Automatic Control, Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5542-843X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Automatic Control, Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012297844","display_name":"Gabriele Oliva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-4079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125353","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqx4x78","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Oliva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Automatic Control, Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-4079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Automatic Control, Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056653127","display_name":"Maria Gonnella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5465-880X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125353","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqx4x78","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Teresa Gonnella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Automatic Control, Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Automatic Control, Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119209569","display_name":"Maria Elena Briga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091790","display_name":"Dulbecco Telethon Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7kfd14","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091790","https://openalex.org/I4210154366"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Elena Briga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teleconsys S.p.A., 00144 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teleconsys S.p.A., 00144 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119209570","display_name":"Mirko Leanza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091790","display_name":"Dulbecco Telethon Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7kfd14","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091790","https://openalex.org/I4210154366"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Leanza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teleconsys S.p.A., 00144 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teleconsys S.p.A., 00144 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063420684","display_name":"Marco Massenzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091790","display_name":"Dulbecco Telethon Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7kfd14","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091790","https://openalex.org/I4210154366"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Massenzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teleconsys S.p.A., 00144 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teleconsys S.p.A., 00144 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056066548","display_name":"Luca Faramondi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3750-2405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125353","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqx4x78","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Faramondi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Automatic Control, Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Automatic Control, Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032289109","display_name":"Roberto Setola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8792-2520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125353","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqx4x78","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145577","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per i Trasporti e la Logistica","ror":"https://ror.org/04evcxq23","country_code":"IT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Setola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per i Trasporti e la Logistica (NITEL), 00182 Rome, Italy","Unit of Automatic Control, Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8792-2520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per i Trasporti e la Logistica (NITEL), 00182 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Automatic Control, Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032289109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353","https://openalex.org/I4210145577"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":5.1097,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95498828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"667","last_page":"667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11572","display_name":"Information Technology Governance and Strategy","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.7371416687965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prioritization","display_name":"Prioritization","score":0.7247059345245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5926516056060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5373261570930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.5019626617431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"Digital transformation","score":0.4581112265586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3645259141921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34323060512542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.18221822381019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.15396425127983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11109587550163269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.7371416687965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777615720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11888847","display_name":"Prioritization","level":2,"score":0.7247059345245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5926516056060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5373261570930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5019626617431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.4581112265586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3645259141921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34323060512542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18221822381019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.15396425127983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11109587550163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16080667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16080667","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/8/667/pdf?version=1754380426","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d9bf2aa08c9844b5acc7a147b531c111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d9bf2aa08c9844b5acc7a147b531c111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 8, p 667 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16080667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16080667","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/8/667/pdf?version=1754380426","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412956464.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412956464.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173894125","https://openalex.org/W2020407132","https://openalex.org/W2069466341","https://openalex.org/W2092553756","https://openalex.org/W2114386757","https://openalex.org/W2755956548","https://openalex.org/W2902669204","https://openalex.org/W3005594826","https://openalex.org/W4238591275","https://openalex.org/W4282915542","https://openalex.org/W4282945617","https://openalex.org/W4285205927","https://openalex.org/W4321780144","https://openalex.org/W4385366999","https://openalex.org/W4386490237","https://openalex.org/W4404627439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2506292322","https://openalex.org/W4283209547","https://openalex.org/W4367627632","https://openalex.org/W653452717","https://openalex.org/W2554445088","https://openalex.org/W3088013537","https://openalex.org/W2621003306","https://openalex.org/W2335661150","https://openalex.org/W3113483414","https://openalex.org/W3022432941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"organizations":[1,179,240],"continue":[2],"to":[3,81,101,135,183,198,212,242],"embrace":[4],"digital":[5,191],"transformation,":[6],"the":[7,21,33,45,62,68,83,103,114,140,148,163,174,205],"need":[8],"for":[9,233,239],"robust":[10],"cybersecurity":[11,29,125],"strategies":[12],"has":[13],"never":[14],"been":[15],"more":[16],"critical.":[17],"This":[18],"paper":[19,228],"explores":[20],"Zero":[22,40],"Trust":[23,41],"Architecture":[24],"(ZTA)":[25],"as":[26,145],"a":[27,74,110,136,160,189,200,217,243],"contemporary":[28],"framework":[30],"that":[31,53],"addresses":[32],"challenges":[34],"posed":[35],"by":[36,147,230],"increasingly":[37],"interconnected":[38],"systems.":[39],"(ZT)":[42],"operates":[43],"under":[44],"principle":[46],"of":[47,61,106,139,162,176,216],"\u201cnever":[48],"trust,":[49],"always":[50],"verify,\u201d":[51],"ensuring":[52],"every":[54],"access":[55],"request":[56],"is":[57,73],"thoroughly":[58],"authenticated,":[59],"regardless":[60],"requester\u2019s":[63],"location":[64],"within":[65,109,165],"or":[66],"outside":[67],"network.":[69],"However,":[70],"implementing":[71],"ZT":[72,111,143,222,244],"challenging":[75],"task,":[76],"requiring":[77],"an":[78],"adequate":[79],"roadmap":[80],"prioritize":[82,180],"different":[84],"initiatives":[85],"in":[86,124],"agreement":[87],"with":[88,159,209],"company":[89],"culture,":[90],"exposure":[91],"and":[92,126,150,187,223,236],"cyber":[93,219],"posture.":[94],"We":[95],"apply":[96],"multi-criteria":[97],"decision":[98],"analysis":[99],"(MCDA)":[100],"evaluate":[102],"relative":[104],"importance":[105],"various":[107],"components":[108],"framework,":[112,202],"using":[113],"Incomplete":[115],"Analytic":[116],"Hierarchy":[117],"Process":[118],"(IAHP).":[119],"Expert":[120],"opinions":[121],"from":[122],"professionals":[123],"IT":[127],"governance":[128],"were":[129,196],"gathered":[130],"through":[131],"structured":[132],"questionnaires,":[133],"leading":[134],"prioritized":[137,201],"ranking":[138],"eight":[141],"key":[142],"pillars,":[144],"defined":[146],"Cybersecurity":[149],"Infrastructure":[151],"Security":[152],"Agency":[153],"(CISA),":[154],"Washington,":[155],"DC,":[156],"USA,":[157],"along":[158],"prioritization":[161],"sub-elements":[164],"each":[166],"pillar.":[167],"The":[168,193,227],"study":[169],"provides":[170],"actionable":[171],"insights":[172],"into":[173,204],"implementation":[175],"ZTA,":[177],"helping":[178],"security":[181],"efforts":[182],"mitigate":[184],"risks":[185],"effectively":[186],"build":[188],"resilient":[190],"infrastructure.":[192],"evaluation":[194],"results":[195],"used":[197],"create":[199],"integrated":[203],"ZEUS":[206],"platform,":[207],"developed":[208],"Teleconsys":[210],"S.p.A.,":[211],"enable":[213],"detailed":[214],"assessments":[215],"firm\u2019s":[218],"partner":[220],"regarding":[221],"identify":[224],"improvement":[225],"areas.":[226],"concludes":[229],"offering":[231],"recommendations":[232],"future":[234],"research":[235],"practical":[237],"guidance":[238],"transitioning":[241],"model.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}