{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411801344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16070559","title":"Exploring the Adoption of Collaborative Robots for the Preparation of Galenic Formulations","display_name":"Exploring the Adoption of Collaborative Robots for the Preparation of Galenic Formulations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411801344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16070559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16070559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16070559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/7/559/pdf?version=1751278010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/7/559/pdf?version=1751278010","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048604544","display_name":"Luigi Gargioni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4354-916X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Gargioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4354-916X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030315979","display_name":"Daniela Fogli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-2240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Fogli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-2240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071074627","display_name":"Pietro Baroni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5439-9561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Baroni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5439-9561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030315979"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19586585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"559","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4499068856239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.38527098298072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33155393600463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13688433170318604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4499068856239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38527098298072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33155393600463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13688433170318604}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16070559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16070559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/7/559/pdf?version=1751278010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/605508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10281/605508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f97dcc2466d4658a87be38f99fdf3c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f97dcc2466d4658a87be38f99fdf3c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 7, p 559 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibs.it:11379/632910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11379/632910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400804","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16070559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16070559","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/7/559/pdf?version=1751278010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411801344.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411801344.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43120215","https://openalex.org/W156058692","https://openalex.org/W1517943492","https://openalex.org/W1669199814","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1979299508","https://openalex.org/W1986014385","https://openalex.org/W2026336362","https://openalex.org/W2082504310","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2169549255","https://openalex.org/W2229480318","https://openalex.org/W2514025902","https://openalex.org/W2550336733","https://openalex.org/W2550647949","https://openalex.org/W2565206647","https://openalex.org/W2593261762","https://openalex.org/W2613364463","https://openalex.org/W2742599483","https://openalex.org/W2796012663","https://openalex.org/W2796864868","https://openalex.org/W2884878866","https://openalex.org/W2894297802","https://openalex.org/W2900551880","https://openalex.org/W2903774518","https://openalex.org/W2951356022","https://openalex.org/W2955693117","https://openalex.org/W3000424510","https://openalex.org/W3000639714","https://openalex.org/W3013160799","https://openalex.org/W3014528623","https://openalex.org/W3190168772","https://openalex.org/W3202764408","https://openalex.org/W4206319684","https://openalex.org/W4207017547","https://openalex.org/W4213145388","https://openalex.org/W4238058839","https://openalex.org/W4297399485","https://openalex.org/W4307635201","https://openalex.org/W4322742112","https://openalex.org/W4381250841","https://openalex.org/W4385847599","https://openalex.org/W4394828156","https://openalex.org/W4406916404","https://openalex.org/W4409749528","https://openalex.org/W6731133571","https://openalex.org/W6801784503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2078814861","https://openalex.org/W2527526854","https://openalex.org/W1976181487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Galenic":[0],"preparations":[1,32],"are":[2,164],"patient-centered":[3],"medicines":[4],"prepared":[5],"by":[6,90,139],"pharmacists":[7,49,82],"or":[8],"veterinarians,":[9],"which":[10],"allow":[11],"personalizing":[12],"dosages,":[13],"overcoming":[14],"allergy":[15],"problems,":[16],"reducing":[17],"costs,":[18],"and":[19,57,71],"dealing":[20],"with":[21],"rare":[22],"diseases.":[23],"However,":[24],"the":[25,42,52,85,117,129,146,165,169],"current":[26],"manual":[27],"production":[28],"process":[29],"of":[30,44,131,168],"galenic":[31],"poses":[33],"several":[34],"challenges":[35],"to":[36,47,80,87,136,152,158],"human":[37],"workers.":[38],"This":[39],"paper":[40,126],"proposes":[41],"use":[43],"collaborative":[45,92,162],"robots":[46,163],"help":[48],"carry":[50],"out":[51],"most":[53],"tiresome,":[54],"precise,":[55],"error-prone,":[56],"time-consuming":[58],"tasks.":[59],"In":[60],"particular,":[61],"an":[62],"end-user":[63],"development":[64],"(EUD)":[65],"environment":[66,96],"called":[67],"PRAISE":[68,138],"(pharmaceutical":[69],"robotic":[70],"AI":[72],"system":[73,150],"for":[74,161],"end":[75,110,142],"users)":[76],"has":[77],"been":[78],"designed":[79],"support":[81],"in":[83,145],"programming":[84],"tasks":[86],"be":[88],"performed":[89],"a":[91,122,132],"robot.":[93],"The":[94,125],"EUD":[95,160],"integrates":[97],"artificial":[98],"intelligence":[99],"(AI)":[100],"features":[101],"based":[102],"on":[103,128],"large":[104],"language":[105],"models":[106],"but":[107],"ensures":[108],"that":[109,120],"users":[111,143],"always":[112],"have":[113],"complete":[114],"control":[115],"over":[116],"generated":[118],"output,":[119],"is,":[121],"robot":[123],"program.":[124],"focuses":[127],"application":[130],"human-centered":[133],"methodology":[134],"adopted":[135],"design":[137],"involving":[140],"representative":[141],"(experts":[144],"pharmaceutical":[147],"sector)":[148],"from":[149],"ideation":[151],"its":[153],"evaluation.":[154],"Design":[155],"implications":[156],"related":[157],"AI-enabled":[159],"main":[166],"findings":[167],"paper.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-07-01T00:00:00"}