{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411378041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060503","title":"Enhanced Pilot Attention Monitoring: A Time-Frequency EEG Analysis Using CNN\u2013LSTM Networks for Aviation Safety","display_name":"Enhanced Pilot Attention Monitoring: A Time-Frequency EEG Analysis Using CNN\u2013LSTM Networks for Aviation Safety","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411378041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16060503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060503","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/503/pdf?version=1750154794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/503/pdf?version=1750154794","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036254921","display_name":"Quynh Anh Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-7051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121799043","display_name":"Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p4b7n26","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quynh Anh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Electric Power University, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-7051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Electric Power University, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009794638","display_name":"Dao Nam Anh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0536-8686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121799043","display_name":"Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p4b7n26","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nam Anh Dao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Electric Power University, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0536-8686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Electric Power University, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101729793","display_name":"Long Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-7955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40241, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-7955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40241, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036254921"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.2969,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87731371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"503","last_page":"503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6091777086257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5956790447235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-safety","display_name":"Aviation safety","score":0.5931736826896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.5539530515670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.4467160403728485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.43842074275016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.40976274013519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.362876832485199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.35812854766845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2135225534439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19954964518547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13285762071609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.0819835364818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.07521164417266846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6091777086257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5956790447235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538199239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640853","display_name":"Aviation safety","level":3,"score":0.5931736826896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.5539530515670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.4467160403728485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43842074275016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40976274013519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.362876832485199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.35812854766845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2135225534439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19954964518547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13285762071609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0819835364818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07521164417266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16060503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060503","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/503/pdf?version=1750154794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9a4be70b5bc04930b8400b065177f3bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a4be70b5bc04930b8400b065177f3bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 6, p 503 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16060503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060503","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/503/pdf?version=1750154794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411378041.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411378041.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91051382","https://openalex.org/W1495192482","https://openalex.org/W1525254066","https://openalex.org/W1722810088","https://openalex.org/W1970749173","https://openalex.org/W2096597330","https://openalex.org/W2141309263","https://openalex.org/W2570299621","https://openalex.org/W2599251041","https://openalex.org/W2796547162","https://openalex.org/W2914227855","https://openalex.org/W2939344111","https://openalex.org/W2995644242","https://openalex.org/W2997849943","https://openalex.org/W3096426711","https://openalex.org/W3158214880","https://openalex.org/W3176533441","https://openalex.org/W3213244760","https://openalex.org/W4207061900","https://openalex.org/W4316171032","https://openalex.org/W4386098761","https://openalex.org/W4396775071","https://openalex.org/W4401357589","https://openalex.org/W4401511021","https://openalex.org/W4409910215","https://openalex.org/W6603683738","https://openalex.org/W6637619564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390719751","https://openalex.org/W1583280211","https://openalex.org/W2475877807","https://openalex.org/W2358053497","https://openalex.org/W76517065","https://openalex.org/W577697832","https://openalex.org/W2758568560","https://openalex.org/W3008788504","https://openalex.org/W4320917001","https://openalex.org/W2115815699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"significant":[1],"technological":[2],"advancements":[3],"in":[4,33,54,119,203],"aviation":[5],"safety":[6],"systems,":[7,205],"human-operator":[8],"condition":[9,35,66,170,212],"monitoring":[10,67,171,202],"remains":[11],"a":[12,30,59,81,127,137,194],"critical":[13,204],"challenge,":[14],"with":[15],"more":[16,138,198],"than":[17],"75%":[18],"of":[19,51,96,141,160],"aircraft":[20],"incidents":[21],"stemming":[22],"from":[23],"attention-related":[24],"perceptual":[25],"failures.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"addresses":[29],"fundamental":[31],"question":[32],"sensor-based":[34],"monitoring:":[36],"how":[37],"can":[38],"temporal-":[39],"and":[40,88,144,153],"frequency-domain":[41,89],"EEG":[42,71,133,167],"sensor":[43,72,94],"data":[44,129],"be":[45],"optimally":[46],"integrated":[47],"to":[48,91,183,196],"detect":[49],"precursors":[50],"system":[52,172],"failure":[53],"human\u2013machine":[55,200],"interfaces?":[56],"We":[57],"propose":[58],"three-stage":[60],"diagnostic":[61,176],"framework":[62],"that":[63,135,150],"mirrors":[64],"industrial":[65],"approaches.":[68,185],"First,":[69],"raw":[70],"signals":[73,113],"undergo":[74],"preprocessing":[75],"into":[76],"standardized":[77],"one-second":[78],"epochs.":[79],"Second,":[80],"novel":[82],"hybrid":[83],"feature-extraction":[84],"methodology":[85],"combines":[86],"time-":[87],"features":[90],"create":[92],"comprehensive":[93,139],"signatures":[95],"neural":[97],"states.":[98,162],"Finally,":[99],"our":[100,169],"dual-architecture":[101],"CNN\u2013LSTM":[102],"model":[103],"processes":[104],"spatial":[105,152],"patterns":[106],"via":[107,114],"CNNs":[108],"while":[109],"capturing":[110],"temporal":[111,154],"degradation":[112],"LSTMs,":[115],"enabling":[116],"robust":[117],"classification":[118],"noisy":[120],"operational":[121],"environments.":[122],"Our":[123],"contributions":[124],"include":[125],"(1)":[126],"multimodal":[128],"fusion":[130],"approach":[131],"for":[132,156],"sensors":[134],"provides":[136],"representation":[140],"operator":[142],"conditions,":[143],"(2)":[145],"an":[146],"artificial":[147],"intelligence":[148],"architecture":[149],"balances":[151],"analysis":[155],"the":[157,218],"predictive":[158],"maintenance":[159],"attention":[161],"When":[163],"validated":[164],"on":[165],"aviation-related":[166],"datasets,":[168],"achieved":[173],"significantly":[174],"higher":[175],"accuracy":[177],"across":[178],"various":[179],"noise":[180],"conditions":[181],"compared":[182],"existing":[184],"The":[186],"practical":[187],"applications":[188],"extend":[189],"beyond":[190],"theoretical":[191],"improvement,":[192],"offering":[193],"pathway":[195],"implement":[197],"reliable":[199],"interface":[201],"potentially":[206],"preventing":[207],"catastrophic":[208],"failures":[209],"by":[210],"detecting":[211],"anomalies":[213],"before":[214],"they":[215],"propagate":[216],"through":[217],"system.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}