{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411215714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060484","title":"Antecedents and Consequences of Flow Experience in Virtual Reality Tourism: A Path Analysis of Visit Intention","display_name":"Antecedents and Consequences of Flow Experience in Virtual Reality Tourism: A Path Analysis of Visit Intention","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411215714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16060484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060484","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/484/pdf?version=1749632366","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/484/pdf?version=1749632366","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057741110","display_name":"Lei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2832-8310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094772","display_name":"Henan University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/007wym039","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094772"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4750791","display_name":"Henan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04eq83d71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4750791"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China","School of Art and Design, Henan University of Engineering, No. 1, Xianghe Road, Xinzheng, Zhengzhou 451191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2832-8310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4750791"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Art and Design, Henan University of Engineering, No. 1, Xianghe Road, Xinzheng, Zhengzhou 451191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huaqing Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83791580","display_name":"Fujian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03c8fdb16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83791580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaqing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Humanities, Fujian University of Technology, 69 Xuefu South Road, Minhou University Town, Fuzhou 350118, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Humanities, Fujian University of Technology, 69 Xuefu South Road, Minhou University Town, Fuzhou 350118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83791580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104335878","display_name":"Xiaotang Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4793-1844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23171815","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05fwr8z16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotang Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Art and Design, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 5 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui Zone, Zhengzhou 450002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Art and Design, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 5 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui Zone, Zhengzhou 450002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23171815"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004207744","display_name":"Jing Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8977-6419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4750791","display_name":"Henan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04eq83d71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4750791"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China","Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Macau, Xu Risheng Yin Road in Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8977-6419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4750791"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Macau, Xu Risheng Yin Road in Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004207744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4750791","https://openalex.org/I6469544"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.0063,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90420649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"484","last_page":"484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.5503000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.5503000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13353","display_name":"Flow Experience in Various Fields","score":0.3668999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism","display_name":"Tourism","score":0.6901237964630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-analysis","display_name":"Path analysis (statistics)","score":0.6258863806724548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5535491108894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5023059844970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4794696569442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.47763243317604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3800486624240875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.3727167844772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.33612269163131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.293495237827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2895476818084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2842031717300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16123172640800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.1345558762550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11299178004264832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.6901237964630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82793941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046024","display_name":"Path analysis (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6258863806724548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5535491108894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5023059844970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4794696569442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47763243317604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3800486624240875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3727167844772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.33612269163131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.293495237827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2895476818084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2842031717300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16123172640800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1345558762550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11299178004264832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16060484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060484","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/484/pdf?version=1749632366","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7396971812e549bfbdc9cb04927fbbdf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7396971812e549bfbdc9cb04927fbbdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 6, p 484 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16060484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060484","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/484/pdf?version=1749632366","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2132330291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D2022036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3641952090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023348073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5209905266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"242400411147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5238705232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"252102521026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5606301393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024XJGLX002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6180445113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"252400410641","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7128065108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022SYJXLX097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411215714.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411215714.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095884942","https://openalex.org/W2375913591","https://openalex.org/W2606508239","https://openalex.org/W2762892641","https://openalex.org/W2766120433","https://openalex.org/W2898677369","https://openalex.org/W2905860750","https://openalex.org/W2918401084","https://openalex.org/W2969181582","https://openalex.org/W3088619479","https://openalex.org/W3107138965","https://openalex.org/W3119615329","https://openalex.org/W3125417810","https://openalex.org/W3126703157","https://openalex.org/W3135226219","https://openalex.org/W3159433579","https://openalex.org/W3177014436","https://openalex.org/W3183524582","https://openalex.org/W3199722739","https://openalex.org/W3199828021","https://openalex.org/W3208444266","https://openalex.org/W3210839226","https://openalex.org/W4210853942","https://openalex.org/W4211025420","https://openalex.org/W4213453630","https://openalex.org/W4220658466","https://openalex.org/W4221001939","https://openalex.org/W4253996030","https://openalex.org/W4280645391","https://openalex.org/W4283704813","https://openalex.org/W4322775860","https://openalex.org/W4388281705","https://openalex.org/W4388812599","https://openalex.org/W4390426338","https://openalex.org/W4390719183","https://openalex.org/W4390978825","https://openalex.org/W4391166441","https://openalex.org/W4391731131","https://openalex.org/W4392452678","https://openalex.org/W4392612042","https://openalex.org/W4394836813","https://openalex.org/W4394847517","https://openalex.org/W4399714791","https://openalex.org/W4399779986","https://openalex.org/W4401155956","https://openalex.org/W4401868445","https://openalex.org/W4402615225","https://openalex.org/W4402932761","https://openalex.org/W4403118654","https://openalex.org/W4404812167","https://openalex.org/W4406667922","https://openalex.org/W4406676993","https://openalex.org/W4406731199","https://openalex.org/W4406860539","https://openalex.org/W4407101039","https://openalex.org/W4408023874","https://openalex.org/W4409029987","https://openalex.org/W4409154006","https://openalex.org/W4409394804","https://openalex.org/W6759975596","https://openalex.org/W6790203066","https://openalex.org/W6797645515","https://openalex.org/W6803359526","https://openalex.org/W6809437223","https://openalex.org/W6876088894","https://openalex.org/W6878919785","https://openalex.org/W6888737719"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391061603","https://openalex.org/W2386798499","https://openalex.org/W4388017739","https://openalex.org/W2352379149","https://openalex.org/W3216130691","https://openalex.org/W2369032308","https://openalex.org/W2977338326","https://openalex.org/W2376872419","https://openalex.org/W3157133093","https://openalex.org/W2357922224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,77],"examines":[2],"the":[3,29,76,123,131],"psychological":[4,132],"mechanisms":[5],"underlying":[6],"virtual":[7,157],"reality":[8],"(VR)":[9],"tourism":[10,52,69,128,151],"experiences":[11,158],"through":[12,134],"an":[13],"integrated":[14],"theoretical":[15,124],"framework":[16],"centered":[17],"on":[18],"flow":[19,27,39,86],"experience":[20,40,95],"and":[21,36,41,46,82,103,110,149],"visit":[22,117,162],"destination":[23,118,147,161],"intention.":[24,119],"Drawing":[25],"upon":[26],"theory,":[28],"research":[30],"investigates":[31],"how":[32],"interactivity,":[33],"perceived":[34,47,80,104,111],"vividness,":[35],"telepresence":[37,83],"influence":[38,138],"subsequently":[42],"affect":[43,116],"hedonic":[44,101,108],"motivation":[45,102,109],"visual":[48,105,112],"appeal":[49,113],"in":[50,153],"VR":[51,68,127,150],"contexts.":[53],"Using":[54],"partial":[55],"least":[56],"squares":[57],"structural":[58],"equation":[59],"modeling":[60],"(PLS-SEM)":[61],"analysis":[62],"of":[63,126],"data":[64],"collected":[65],"from":[66],"255":[67],"users":[70],"across":[71],"major":[72],"Chinese":[73],"metropolitan":[74],"centers,":[75],"reveals":[78],"that":[79,159],"vividness":[81],"significantly":[84,114],"impact":[85],"experience,":[87],"while":[88],"interactivity":[89],"shows":[90],"no":[91],"significant":[92,97],"effect.":[93],"Flow":[94],"demonstrates":[96],"positive":[98],"relationships":[99],"with":[100],"appeal.":[106],"Furthermore,":[107],"positively":[115],"The":[120],"findings":[121],"advance":[122],"understanding":[125],"by":[129],"illuminating":[130],"pathways":[133],"which":[135],"technological":[136],"characteristics":[137],"behavioral":[139],"intentions.":[140,163],"These":[141],"results":[142],"offer":[143],"practical":[144],"implications":[145],"for":[146],"marketers":[148],"developers":[152],"designing":[154],"more":[155],"effective":[156],"enhance":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
