{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410721466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060434","title":"Multihead Average Pseudo-Margin Learning for Disaster Tweet Classification","display_name":"Multihead Average Pseudo-Margin Learning for Disaster Tweet Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410721466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16060434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/434/pdf?version=1748078979","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/434/pdf?version=1748078979","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107403609","display_name":"Iustin S\u00eerbu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iustin S\u00eerbu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4889-8379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021733846","display_name":"R\u0103zvan Popovici","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert-Adrian Popovici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077365712","display_name":"Traian Rebedea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-5537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Traian Rebedea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-5537","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077419846","display_name":"\u0218tefan Tr\u0103u\u0219an-Matu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8082-8497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0218tefan Tr\u0103u\u0219an-Matu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8082-8497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077365712","https://openalex.org/A5107403609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875","https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04906918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"434","last_page":"434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8546180129051208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.7757816910743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6336991786956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6181901693344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5839004516601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5093258619308472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4805186688899994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4798004925251007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43852970004081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.43478071689605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.25826916098594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1470981240272522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8546180129051208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.7757816910743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6336991786956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6181901693344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5839004516601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5093258619308472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4805186688899994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4798004925251007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43852970004081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.43478071689605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.25826916098594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1470981240272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16060434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/434/pdf?version=1748078979","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4a0c6519caa24e37abd300522f2a2ead","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4a0c6519caa24e37abd300522f2a2ead","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 6, p 434 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16060434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/434/pdf?version=1748078979","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410721466.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410721466.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123942013","https://openalex.org/W1975165783","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2055978850","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2133046612","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2265846598","https://openalex.org/W2298612130","https://openalex.org/W2431080869","https://openalex.org/W2523111532","https://openalex.org/W2579353374","https://openalex.org/W2753193937","https://openalex.org/W2768447691","https://openalex.org/W2768697515","https://openalex.org/W2798683079","https://openalex.org/W2804079529","https://openalex.org/W2889326796","https://openalex.org/W2962804657","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2966730110","https://openalex.org/W2967173379","https://openalex.org/W2971296908","https://openalex.org/W2992430691","https://openalex.org/W3013120352","https://openalex.org/W3033691877","https://openalex.org/W3035207996","https://openalex.org/W3035682985","https://openalex.org/W3045468501","https://openalex.org/W3201524889","https://openalex.org/W3205500251","https://openalex.org/W4287322212","https://openalex.org/W4293733635","https://openalex.org/W4298325715","https://openalex.org/W4301183982","https://openalex.org/W4323051308","https://openalex.org/W4386075751","https://openalex.org/W4386372223","https://openalex.org/W4389520116","https://openalex.org/W4389520687","https://openalex.org/W4401752953","https://openalex.org/W4402916503","https://openalex.org/W6717772578","https://openalex.org/W6773116539","https://openalex.org/W6802864417","https://openalex.org/W6950453452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3125011624","https://openalex.org/W1508631387","https://openalex.org/W2370917603","https://openalex.org/W2952760143","https://openalex.org/W2017776670","https://openalex.org/W2347897961","https://openalex.org/W2340870721","https://openalex.org/W2358318464","https://openalex.org/W2979236518"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"natural":[1],"disasters,":[2],"social":[3],"media":[4],"platforms,":[5],"such":[6],"as":[7],"X":[8],"(formerly":[9],"Twitter),":[10],"become":[11],"a":[12,49,79,107,116],"valuable":[13],"source":[14],"of":[15,43,52,76,137,155,204],"real-time":[16],"information,":[17],"with":[18],"eyewitnesses":[19],"and":[20,29,46,65,85,103,158,177,193],"affected":[21],"individuals":[22],"posting":[23],"messages":[24,58],"about":[25],"the":[26,30,40,74,135,138,146,153,156,182,190,196,202,209],"produced":[27],"damage":[28],"victims.":[31],"Although":[32],"this":[33,70],"information":[34],"can":[35],"be":[36],"used":[37],"to":[38,47,63,88,151,170],"streamline":[39],"intervention":[41],"process":[42],"local":[44],"authorities":[45],"achieve":[48],"better":[50],"distribution":[51],"available":[53,222],"resources,":[54],"manually":[55],"annotating":[56],"these":[57],"is":[59],"often":[60],"infeasible":[61],"due":[62],"time":[64],"cost":[66],"constraints.":[67],"To":[68],"address":[69],"challenge,":[71],"we":[72,97,114],"explore":[73],"use":[75],"semi-supervised":[77,100],"learning,":[78],"technique":[80],"that":[81],"leverages":[82],"both":[83],"labeled":[84,184],"unlabeled":[86],"data,":[87],"enhance":[89],"neural":[90],"models":[91,102],"for":[92,162,212,223],"disaster":[93,214],"tweet":[94,215],"classification.":[95,165,216],"Specifically,":[96],"investigate":[98],"state-of-the-art":[99,126],"learning":[101],"focus":[104],"on":[105,128,189,195],"co-training,":[106],"less-explored":[108],"approach":[109,133,206],"in":[110,174,207],"recent":[111],"years.":[112],"Moreover,":[113],"propose":[115],"novel":[117],"hybrid":[118],"co-training":[119],"architecture,":[120],"Multihead":[121,142],"Average":[122,147],"Pseudo-Margin,":[123],"which":[124],"obtains":[125],"results":[127,200],"several":[129],"classification":[130],"tasks.":[131],"Our":[132,166],"extends":[134],"advantages":[136],"voting":[139],"mechanism":[140],"from":[141],"Co-Training":[143],"by":[144],"using":[145,181],"Pseudo-Margin":[148],"(APM)":[149],"score":[150],"improve":[152],"quality":[154],"pseudo-labels":[157],"self-adaptive":[159],"confidence":[160],"thresholds":[161],"improving":[163],"imbalanced":[164],"method":[167],"achieves":[168],"up":[169],"7.98%":[171],"accuracy":[172,188],"improvement":[173,179],"low-data":[175],"scenarios":[176],"2.84%":[178],"when":[180],"entire":[183],"dataset,":[185],"reaching":[186],"89.55%":[187],"Humanitarian":[191],"task":[192],"91.23%":[194],"Informative":[197],"task.":[198],"These":[199],"demonstrate":[201],"potential":[203],"our":[205,219],"addressing":[208],"critical":[210],"need":[211],"automated":[213],"We":[217],"made":[218],"code":[220],"publicly":[221],"future":[224],"research.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}