{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410243093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050393","title":"YOLO-LSM: A Lightweight UAV Target Detection Algorithm Based on Shallow and Multiscale Information Learning","display_name":"YOLO-LSM: A Lightweight UAV Target Detection Algorithm Based on Shallow and Multiscale Information Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410243093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16050393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/5/393/pdf?version=1746780626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/5/393/pdf?version=1746780626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086716869","display_name":"Chenxing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5221-2804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Defence Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8673-450X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Defence Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084898969","display_name":"Changlong Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changlong Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Defence Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3263-6384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Defence Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052019991","display_name":"Feng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3412-5816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Defence Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Defence Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329219","display_name":"Jiahao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-4913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Opto-Electronical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Opto-Electronical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yulin Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Defence Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Defence Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047427624","display_name":"Lihong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-6030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110558","display_name":"Xi'an Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8prc81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longhui Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Opto-Electronical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Opto-Electronical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084898969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110558"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.2966,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88076467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"393","last_page":"393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6209105253219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4373975098133087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3966824412345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3436533808708191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6209105253219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4373975098133087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3966824412345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3436533808708191}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16050393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/5/393/pdf?version=1746780626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb531f067234437f83765e2d0ce91431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb531f067234437f83765e2d0ce91431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 5, p 393 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16050393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16050393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/5/393/pdf?version=1746780626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1252984845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201805061ZD12CG45","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G518602770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410243093.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410243093.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2625219738","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2995484963","https://openalex.org/W3009396058","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3088979451","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4375809357","https://openalex.org/W4382986762","https://openalex.org/W4384340876","https://openalex.org/W4384526044","https://openalex.org/W4385737867","https://openalex.org/W4386047745","https://openalex.org/W4386071462","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4388110893","https://openalex.org/W4388627125","https://openalex.org/W4389233081","https://openalex.org/W4390176038","https://openalex.org/W4391052378","https://openalex.org/W4391095384","https://openalex.org/W4394992728","https://openalex.org/W4397006147","https://openalex.org/W4398756379","https://openalex.org/W4400720787","https://openalex.org/W4400966748","https://openalex.org/W4401371145","https://openalex.org/W4403770406","https://openalex.org/W4403903735","https://openalex.org/W4405948213","https://openalex.org/W4405962109","https://openalex.org/W4406049673","https://openalex.org/W6761108903","https://openalex.org/W6852348102","https://openalex.org/W6864959026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"challenges":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4],"large-scale":[5],"variations,":[6],"high":[7],"density":[8],"of":[9,16,52,96,133,158,169,175],"small":[10,53,191],"targets,":[11],"and":[12,34,83,109,131,141,160,203],"the":[13,50,69,94,129,139,149,152],"large":[14],"number":[15],"parameters":[17],"in":[18,198],"deep":[19],"learning-based":[20],"target":[21,41,54,134],"detection":[22,42,193,201],"models,":[23],"which":[24],"limit":[25],"their":[26],"deployment":[27],"on":[28,138,182],"UAV":[29,40],"platforms":[30],"with":[31,165],"fixed":[32],"performance":[33],"limited":[35],"computational":[36],"resources,":[37],"a":[38,76,84,116,155,166,173],"lightweight":[39,85],"algorithm,":[43],"YOLO-LSM,":[44],"is":[45,63,81,90,102,122],"proposed.":[46],"First,":[47],"to":[48,68,72,92,104,124,148,209],"mitigate":[49],"loss":[51,204],"information,":[55],"an":[56],"Efficient":[57],"Small":[58],"Target":[59],"Detection":[60],"Layer":[61],"(ESTDL)":[62],"developed,":[64],"alongside":[65],"structural":[66],"improvements":[67,197],"baseline":[70],"model":[71,113],"reduce":[73],"parameters.":[74],"Second,":[75],"Multiscale":[77],"Lightweight":[78],"Convolution":[79],"(MLConv)":[80],"designed,":[82],"feature":[86,118,199],"extraction":[87,95],"module,":[88],"MLCSP,":[89],"constructed":[91],"enhance":[93,125],"detailed":[97],"information.":[98],"Focaler":[99],"inner":[100],"IoU":[101],"incorporated":[103],"improve":[105],"bounding":[106],"box":[107],"matching":[108],"localization,":[110],"thereby":[111],"accelerating":[112],"convergence.":[114],"Finally,":[115],"novel":[117],"fusion":[119],"network,":[120,151],"DFSPP,":[121],"proposed":[123],"accuracy":[126],"by":[127,194],"optimizing":[128],"selection":[130],"adjustment":[132],"scale":[135],"ranges.":[136],"Validations":[137],"VisDrone2019":[140],"Tiny":[142],"Person":[143],"datasets":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"that":[146],"compared":[147],"benchmark":[150],"YOLO-LSM":[153,188],"achieves":[154],"mAP0.5":[156],"improvement":[157],"6.9":[159],"3.5":[161],"percentage":[162],"points,":[163],"respectively,":[164],"parameter":[167],"count":[168],"1.9":[170],"M,":[171],"representing":[172],"reduction":[174],"approximately":[176],"72%.":[177],"Different":[178],"from":[179],"previous":[180],"work":[181],"medical":[183],"detection,":[184],"this":[185],"study":[186],"tailors":[187],"for":[189],"UAV-based":[190],"object":[192],"introducing":[195],"targeted":[196],"extraction,":[200],"heads,":[202],"functions,":[205],"achieving":[206],"better":[207],"adaptation":[208],"aerial":[210],"scenarios.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
