{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407582960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020140","title":"The Correlation Between Self-Assessment and Observation in Driving Style Classification: An On-Road Case Study","display_name":"The Correlation Between Self-Assessment and Observation in Driving Style Classification: An On-Road Case Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407582960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16020140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020140","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/2/140/pdf?version=1739526580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/2/140/pdf?version=1739526580","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057860468","display_name":"Muhammad Zainul Abidin Kamaludin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-969X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zainul Abidin Kamaludin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018665543","display_name":"Juffrizal Karjanto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-7141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juffrizal Karjanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112435836","display_name":"Noryani Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9158-2936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noryani Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061784019","display_name":"Nidzamuddin Md. Yusof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-0150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nidzamuddin Md Yusof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014576818","display_name":"Muhammad Zahir Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-7643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zahir Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053855835","display_name":"Mohamad Zairi Baharom","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Zairi Baharom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023811606","display_name":"Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2181-9723"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002880106","display_name":"Matthias Rauterberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-395X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Rauterberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018665543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.6106,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86633255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"140","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.6386075019836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.626676082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.40330061316490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3383236825466156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.323697566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24368992447853088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1830633580684662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.09104609489440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.6386075019836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.626676082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40330061316490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3383236825466156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.323697566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24368992447853088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1830633580684662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09104609489440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16020140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020140","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/2/140/pdf?version=1739526580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/9b979a1c-fd8c-40be-9683-a2b9c150d139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/9b979a1c-fd8c-40be-9683-a2b9c150d139","pdf_url":"https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/377512020/information-16-00140.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kamaludin, M Z A, Karjanto, J, Muhammad, N, Md Yusof, N, Hassan, M Z, Baharom, M Z, Mohd Jawi, Z & Rauterberg, M 2025, 'The Correlation Between Self-Assessment and Observation in Driving Style Classification : An On-Road Case Study', Information, vol. 16, no. 2, 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020140","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:89c3763e9b8b4df4ac8f1d3488c0af87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/89c3763e9b8b4df4ac8f1d3488c0af87","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 2, p 140 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16020140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020140","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/2/140/pdf?version=1739526580","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5409896647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2020/TK02/UTEM/02/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322873","display_name":"Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407582960.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407582960.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1931305913","https://openalex.org/W1967496115","https://openalex.org/W1981983894","https://openalex.org/W1983738939","https://openalex.org/W1987302132","https://openalex.org/W1988382218","https://openalex.org/W2025184070","https://openalex.org/W2029809489","https://openalex.org/W2036891495","https://openalex.org/W2044353772","https://openalex.org/W2045956037","https://openalex.org/W2054427582","https://openalex.org/W2059373554","https://openalex.org/W2064743894","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2117195341","https://openalex.org/W2126288068","https://openalex.org/W2183937844","https://openalex.org/W2221671095","https://openalex.org/W2565757510","https://openalex.org/W2588985386","https://openalex.org/W2613334841","https://openalex.org/W2765115394","https://openalex.org/W2769044343","https://openalex.org/W2800573625","https://openalex.org/W2808087969","https://openalex.org/W2901436583","https://openalex.org/W2924796143","https://openalex.org/W2947505091","https://openalex.org/W2963725546","https://openalex.org/W2998562571","https://openalex.org/W3004157298","https://openalex.org/W3021766521","https://openalex.org/W3121899607","https://openalex.org/W4211252265","https://openalex.org/W4251144327","https://openalex.org/W4296605327","https://openalex.org/W4385312399","https://openalex.org/W4391987444","https://openalex.org/W4406457544","https://openalex.org/W6605349051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,93],"typical":[1],"classification":[2],"of":[3,18,21,91],"driving":[4,48,67],"style":[5],"from":[6,23,104,116],"a":[7,112],"human":[8,138],"driver":[9,57,139],"is":[10,133],"conducted":[11],"via":[12],"self-assessment,":[13],"which":[14],"begs":[15],"the":[16,19,24,34,46,55,59,81,98,101,105,126],"question":[17],"possibility":[20],"bias":[22],"respondents.":[25],"Although":[26],"some":[27],"research":[28],"has":[29],"been":[30],"carried":[31],"out":[32],"validating":[33],"questionnaire,":[35],"no":[36],"controlled":[37],"studies":[38],"have":[39],"yet":[40],"to":[41,44,53],"be":[42],"reported":[43],"validate":[45,54],"Malaysian":[47,56],"style.":[49],"This":[50],"study":[51],"aimed":[52],"using":[58],"Multidimensional":[60],"Driving":[61],"Style":[62],"Inventory":[63],"(MDSI)":[64],"with":[65,122],"five-factor":[66],"styles":[68,140],"(careful,":[69],"risky,":[70],"angry,":[71],"anxious,":[72],"and":[73,100],"dissociative)":[74],"in":[75,118],"on-road":[76,106],"situations.":[77],"Forty-one":[78],"respondents":[79],"completed":[80],"experiment":[82],"on":[83],"two":[84],"designated":[85],"routes":[86],"recorded":[87],"over":[88],"45":[89],"min":[90],"driving.":[92],"modest":[94],"correlation":[95,114,123],"existed":[96],"between":[97],"MDSI":[99,127],"score":[102],"retrieved":[103],"observation":[107],"assessment.":[108],"The":[109],"result":[110],"showed":[111],"low-to-medium":[113],"collected":[115],"acceleration":[117],"longitudinal":[119],"directions":[120],"compared":[121],"analysis":[124],"utilizing":[125],"scale.":[128],"Exploring":[129],"such":[130],"latent":[131],"traits":[132],"essential":[134],"for":[135],"precisely":[136],"classifying":[137],"without":[141],"bias.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}