{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407416584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020135","title":"PD-Net: Parkinson\u2019s Disease Detection Through Fusion of Two Spectral Features Using Attention-Based Hybrid Deep Neural Network","display_name":"PD-Net: Parkinson\u2019s Disease Detection Through Fusion of Two Spectral Features Using Attention-Based Hybrid Deep Neural Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407416584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16020135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/2/135/pdf?version=1739349098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/2/135/pdf?version=1739349098","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Munira Islam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102782458","display_name":"Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052qsay17","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munira Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Khadija Akter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2948-6368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102782458","display_name":"Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052qsay17","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khadija Akter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2948-6368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020909684","display_name":"Md. Azad Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-5168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102782458","display_name":"Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/052qsay17","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Azad Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-5168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102782458"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089476507","display_name":"M. Ali Akber Dewan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-7509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86897205","display_name":"Athabasca University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3xgc52","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Ali Akber Dewan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-7509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020909684","https://openalex.org/A5089476507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102782458","https://openalex.org/I86897205"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":7.0005,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97235999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"135","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinsons-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.6159303784370422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5923119783401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5430232882499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47029778361320496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46578967571258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35826557874679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.35628676414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.25416460633277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.0854455828666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.04721713066101074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.6159303784370422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5923119783401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5430232882499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47029778361320496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46578967571258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35826557874679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.35628676414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25416460633277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0854455828666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.04721713066101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16020135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/2/135/pdf?version=1739349098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0cf0db041d1d43aa82c80fb749288eae","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0cf0db041d1d43aa82c80fb749288eae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 2, p 135 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16020135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16020135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/2/135/pdf?version=1739349098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407416584.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407416584.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015683770","https://openalex.org/W2145954079","https://openalex.org/W2743691251","https://openalex.org/W2767111132","https://openalex.org/W2807317037","https://openalex.org/W2904404980","https://openalex.org/W3006012411","https://openalex.org/W3055676410","https://openalex.org/W3170174462","https://openalex.org/W3207031444","https://openalex.org/W4206187162","https://openalex.org/W4235730597","https://openalex.org/W4249888301","https://openalex.org/W4309459219","https://openalex.org/W4316469706","https://openalex.org/W4320016039","https://openalex.org/W4361216479","https://openalex.org/W4367185831","https://openalex.org/W4386458312","https://openalex.org/W4390403064","https://openalex.org/W6757200140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2229271988","https://openalex.org/W4406487592","https://openalex.org/W438207291","https://openalex.org/W2274833306","https://openalex.org/W4401814285","https://openalex.org/W2552475978","https://openalex.org/W3134596587","https://openalex.org/W3216329096","https://openalex.org/W2416973532","https://openalex.org/W3116665257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Parkinson\u2019s":[0,34,61,115,142,233],"disease":[1,8,62,234],"(PD)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,37,75,123,166,181,226],"progressive":[5],"degenerative":[6],"brain":[7,17],"that":[9,126,222],"worsens":[10],"with":[11,36,114,213],"age,":[12],"causing":[13],"areas":[14],"of":[15,26,33,40,49,54,60,66,77,141,157,169,172,180,208,229],"the":[16,27,46,50,58,64,102,120,139,153,170,178,187,206,232],"to":[18,56,92,100,148,190,204],"weaken.":[19],"Vocal":[20],"dysfunction":[21],"often":[22],"emerges":[23],"as":[24,82],"one":[25],"earliest":[28],"and":[29,80,111,132],"most":[30],"prominent":[31],"indicators":[32],"disease,":[35],"significant":[38],"number":[39],"patients":[41,112],"exhibiting":[42],"vocal":[43,68,103,158,173,210],"impairments":[44],"during":[45],"initial":[47],"stages":[48],"illness.":[51],"In":[52],"view":[53],"this,":[55],"facilitate":[57],"diagnosis":[59],"through":[63],"analysis":[65,168],"these":[67],"characteristics,":[69],"this":[70,118,223],"study":[71,86,121],"focuses":[72],"on":[73,192],"exerting":[74],"combination":[76],"mel":[78],"spectrogram":[79],"MFCC":[81],"spectral":[83],"features.":[84],"This":[85,200],"adopts":[87],"Italian":[88],"raw":[89],"audio":[90],"data":[91,104],"establish":[93],"an":[94],"efficient":[95],"detection":[96,140,207,235],"framework":[97],"specifically":[98],"designed":[99],"classify":[101],"into":[105],"two":[106],"distinct":[107],"categories:":[108],"healthy":[109],"individuals":[110],"diagnosed":[113],"disease.":[116,143],"To":[117],"end,":[119],"proposes":[122],"hybrid":[124],"model":[125,224],"integrates":[127],"Convolutional":[128],"Neural":[129],"Networks":[130],"(CNNs)":[131],"Long":[133],"Short-Term":[134],"Memory":[135],"networks":[136],"(LSTMs)":[137],"for":[138,231],"Certainly,":[144],"CNNs":[145],"are":[146],"employed":[147],"extract":[149],"spatial":[150],"features":[151],"from":[152],"extracted":[154],"spectro-temporal":[155],"characteristics":[156],"data,":[159],"while":[160],"LSTMs":[161],"capture":[162],"temporal":[163],"dependencies,":[164],"accelerating":[165],"comprehensive":[167],"development":[171],"patterns":[174],"over":[175],"time.":[176],"Additionally,":[177],"merging":[179],"multi-head":[182],"attention":[183],"mechanism":[184],"significantly":[185],"enhances":[186],"model\u2019s":[188],"ability":[189],"concentrate":[191],"essential":[193],"details,":[194],"hence":[195],"improving":[196],"its":[197],"overall":[198,216],"performance.":[199],"unified":[201],"method":[202],"aims":[203],"enhance":[205],"subtle":[209],"changes":[211],"associated":[212],"Parkinson\u2019s,":[214],"enhancing":[215],"diagnostic":[217],"accuracy.":[218],"The":[219],"findings":[220],"declare":[221],"achieves":[225],"noteworthy":[227],"accuracy":[228],"99.00%":[230],"process.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-22T07:34:49.880490","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}