{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406400446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010054","title":"Multi-Modal Fusion of Routine Care Electronic Health Records (EHR): A Scoping Review","display_name":"Multi-Modal Fusion of Routine Care Electronic Health Records (EHR): A Scoping Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406400446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010054","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40843145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16010054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/54/pdf?version=1736932577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/54/pdf?version=1736932577","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083472980","display_name":"Zina Ben Miled","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5401-0368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177898655","display_name":"Lamar University","ror":"https://ror.org/008ms5s18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177898655"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zina Ben-Miled","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phillip M. Drayer Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lamar University, Cherry Building, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5401-0368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phillip M. Drayer Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lamar University, Cherry Building, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177898655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115888695","display_name":"Jacob A. Shebesh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135191193","display_name":"University of Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/052133d12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135191193"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob A. Shebesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135191193","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086855070","display_name":"Jing Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-734X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, 340 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, 340 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023949037","display_name":"Paul Dexter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-0156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324682000","display_name":"Regenstrief Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ywb48","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul R. Dexter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, 340 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA","Regenstrief Institute, Inc., 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, 340 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regenstrief Institute, Inc., 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004682106","display_name":"Randall W. Grout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-6782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randall W. Grout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, 340 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, 340 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019055956","display_name":"Malaz Boustani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0330-677X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324682000","display_name":"Regenstrief Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ywb48","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malaz A. Boustani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, 340 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA","Regenstrief Institute, Inc., 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0330-677X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, 340 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regenstrief Institute, Inc., 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083472980"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177898655"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":8.3104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96724662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"54","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5769316554069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5274779200553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5180104374885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.43170562386512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40427547693252563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5769316554069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5274779200553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5180104374885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.43170562386512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40427547693252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16010054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/54/pdf?version=1736932577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40843145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40843145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information (Basel)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu:1805/50644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1805/50644","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.indianapolis.iu.edu/bitstreams/5a177f48-c1ca-475e-aab0-2711c2f192e4/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400987","display_name":"IUScholarWorks (Indiana University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I592451","host_organization_name":"Indiana University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PMC","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12366745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12366745","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12366745/pdf/nihms-2096876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6c53026226c2415f9fc2fc84f8112d16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6c53026226c2415f9fc2fc84f8112d16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 54 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16010054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010054","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/54/pdf?version=1736932577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5300636970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01AG069765","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406400446.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000445173","https://openalex.org/W2057780602","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2481271618","https://openalex.org/W2610332124","https://openalex.org/W2619383789","https://openalex.org/W2730123083","https://openalex.org/W2796547658","https://openalex.org/W2798092656","https://openalex.org/W2799690436","https://openalex.org/W2886599162","https://openalex.org/W2897007327","https://openalex.org/W2908552468","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2911729512","https://openalex.org/W2913018285","https://openalex.org/W2963532813","https://openalex.org/W2963716420","https://openalex.org/W2964959375","https://openalex.org/W2973281329","https://openalex.org/W2985173696","https://openalex.org/W2991018224","https://openalex.org/W2997194371","https://openalex.org/W3004402226","https://openalex.org/W3007587603","https://openalex.org/W3017637887","https://openalex.org/W3023480082","https://openalex.org/W3024357968","https://openalex.org/W3029008113","https://openalex.org/W3035219237","https://openalex.org/W3035294872","https://openalex.org/W3036914761","https://openalex.org/W3037887574","https://openalex.org/W3038061404","https://openalex.org/W3043864482","https://openalex.org/W3088921056","https://openalex.org/W3089168780","https://openalex.org/W3091309561","https://openalex.org/W3092301826","https://openalex.org/W3095676345","https://openalex.org/W3101475827","https://openalex.org/W3102398662","https://openalex.org/W3102523151","https://openalex.org/W3105892552","https://openalex.org/W3106326134","https://openalex.org/W3107335993","https://openalex.org/W3125915762","https://openalex.org/W3127747328","https://openalex.org/W3133650345","https://openalex.org/W3136851565","https://openalex.org/W3160137267","https://openalex.org/W3163032678","https://openalex.org/W3166204619","https://openalex.org/W3166996592","https://openalex.org/W3174321177","https://openalex.org/W3175546201","https://openalex.org/W3181361218","https://openalex.org/W3208725698","https://openalex.org/W3209254806","https://openalex.org/W3209819631","https://openalex.org/W3213708588","https://openalex.org/W3215317537","https://openalex.org/W3216660278","https://openalex.org/W4205464244","https://openalex.org/W4206042814","https://openalex.org/W4206491499","https://openalex.org/W4206922973","https://openalex.org/W4220726160","https://openalex.org/W4220967417","https://openalex.org/W4220974738","https://openalex.org/W4221022534","https://openalex.org/W4223909096","https://openalex.org/W4224028562","https://openalex.org/W4224947621","https://openalex.org/W4225493996","https://openalex.org/W4225772450","https://openalex.org/W4226196842","https://openalex.org/W4229004636","https://openalex.org/W4229008799","https://openalex.org/W4283370926","https://openalex.org/W4285258280","https://openalex.org/W4292947664","https://openalex.org/W4293812301","https://openalex.org/W4294052933","https://openalex.org/W4296776307","https://openalex.org/W4297684237","https://openalex.org/W4298144215","https://openalex.org/W4303629475","https://openalex.org/W4307498511","https://openalex.org/W4308885870","https://openalex.org/W4310645210","https://openalex.org/W4312220150","https://openalex.org/W4367843743","https://openalex.org/W4376226279","https://openalex.org/W4381715962","https://openalex.org/W4382133580","https://openalex.org/W4383618720","https://openalex.org/W4385381606","https://openalex.org/W4386024648","https://openalex.org/W4389132345","https://openalex.org/W6740213971","https://openalex.org/W6777887110","https://openalex.org/W6802935968","https://openalex.org/W6839974950","https://openalex.org/W6843218176","https://openalex.org/W7006806681"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Electronic":[1],"health":[2],"records":[3],"(EHR)":[4],"are":[5,31,201,294,327],"now":[6],"widely":[7],"available":[8],"in":[9,65,225,253,296],"healthcare":[10,23,341],"institutions":[11],"to":[12,71,82,106,134,150,227,229,276,345,351],"document":[13],"the":[14,73,92,147,155,176,190,215,234,269,277,330],"medical":[15],"history":[16],"of":[17,37,75,91,117,192,214,236,257,279,299,332,340],"patients":[18],"as":[19,199,365,367],"they":[20,200],"interact":[21],"with":[22],"services.":[24],"In":[25,288,343],"particular,":[26],"routine":[27,77,142,284,316],"care":[28,78,143,285,317],"EHR":[29,79,144,196,286,318],"data":[30,40,80,99,145,197,216],"collected":[32],"for":[33,120,160,166,195,283,308,329,336,355],"a":[34,180,273,323,337],"large":[35],"number":[36],"patients.":[38],"These":[39,206,266],"span":[41],"multiple":[42,76,357],"heterogeneous":[43],"elements":[44,81,198],"(i.e.,":[45,261],"demographics,":[46],"diagnosis,":[47],"medications,":[48],"clinical":[49,84,122,312],"notes,":[50],"vital":[51],"signs,":[52],"and":[53,60,101,109,163,182,221,244,264,301,311,363,369],"laboratory":[54],"results)":[55],"which":[56],"contain":[57],"semantic,":[58],"concept,":[59],"temporal":[61,300,370],"information.":[62],"Recent":[63],"advances":[64],"generative":[66,231],"learning":[67,232,243,249,362],"techniques":[68,94,119],"were":[69,169,173],"able":[70],"leverage":[72],"fusion":[74,96,138,237,241,259,281,319],"enhance":[83],"decision":[85],"support.":[86],"Objective:":[87],"A":[88,125],"scoping":[89,167,187],"review":[90,168,188],"proposed":[93],"including":[95,217],"architectures,":[97],"input":[98,204],"elements,":[100],"application":[102],"areas":[103],"is":[104],"needed":[105,328],"synthesize":[107],"variances":[108],"identify":[110,135],"research":[111],"gaps":[112],"that":[113,248],"can":[114,250],"promote":[115],"re-use":[116,307],"these":[118,348],"new":[121,258],"outcomes.":[123],"Design:":[124],"comprehensive":[126],"literature":[127],"search":[128],"was":[129],"conducted":[130],"using":[131,179],"Google":[132],"Scholar":[133],"high":[136],"impact":[137],"architectures":[139,238,260,282,320],"over":[140],"multi-modal":[141,280,334],"during":[146],"period":[148],"2018":[149],"2023.":[151],"The":[152,171,186],"guidelines":[153,349],"from":[154,175,242],"PRISMA":[156],"(Preferred":[157],"Reporting":[158],"Items":[159],"Systematic":[161],"Reviews":[162],"Meta-Analyses)":[164],"extension":[165],"followed.":[170],"findings":[172],"derived":[174],"selected":[177],"studies":[178],"thematic":[181],"comparative":[183],"analysis.":[184],"Results:":[185],"revealed":[189],"lack":[191],"standard":[193],"definition":[194],"transformed":[202],"into":[203,246],"modalities.":[205],"definitions":[207],"ignore":[208],"one":[209],"or":[210],"more":[211],"key":[212],"characteristics":[213],"source,":[218],"encoding":[219,292],"scheme,":[220],"concept":[222],"level.":[223],"Moreover,":[224],"order":[226],"adapt":[228],"emergent":[230],"techniques,":[233],"classification":[235],"should":[239],"distinguish":[240],"take":[245],"consideration":[247],"concurrently":[251],"happen":[252],"all":[254],"three":[255],"layers":[256],"encoding,":[262],"representation,":[263],"decision).":[265],"aspects":[267],"constitute":[268],"first":[270],"step":[271],"towards":[272],"streamlined":[274],"approach":[275],"design":[278,331],"data.":[287],"addition,":[289],"current":[290],"pretrained":[291],"models":[293,335],"inconsistent":[295],"their":[297,306],"handling":[298],"semantic":[302,368],"information":[303],"thereby":[304],"hindering":[305],"different":[309],"applications":[310],"settings.":[313],"Conclusions:":[314],"Current":[315],"mostly":[321],"follow":[322],"design-by-example":[324],"methodology.":[325],"Guidelines":[326],"efficient":[333],"broad":[338],"range":[339],"applications.":[342],"addition":[344],"promoting":[346],"re-use,":[347],"need":[350],"outline":[352],"best":[353],"practices":[354],"combining":[356],"modalities":[358],"while":[359],"leveraging":[360],"transfer":[361],"co-learning":[364],"well":[366],"encoding.":[371]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}