{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406174818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010035","title":"Assessing Human Factors in Virtual Reality Environments for Industry 5.0: A Comprehensive Review of Factors, Metrics, Techniques, and Future Opportunities","display_name":"Assessing Human Factors in Virtual Reality Environments for Industry 5.0: A Comprehensive Review of Factors, Metrics, Techniques, and Future Opportunities","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406174818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16010035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/35/pdf?version=1736330575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/35/pdf?version=1736330575","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105093531","display_name":"Oscar Escallada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-2279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","display_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/00wvqgd19","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Escallada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-2279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004512044","display_name":"Ganix Lasa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-5526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","display_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/00wvqgd19","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganix Lasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2424-5526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008057772","display_name":"Maitane Mazmela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0848-2131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","display_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/00wvqgd19","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maitane Mazmela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0848-2131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037606342","display_name":"Ainhoa Apraiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-4546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","display_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/00wvqgd19","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ainhoa Apraiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-4546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115811062","display_name":"Nagore Osa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","display_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/00wvqgd19","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagore Osa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7314-907X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hien Nguyen Ngoc","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","display_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/00wvqgd19","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hien Nguyen Ngoc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics and Industrial Production, Design Innovation Centre, Loramendi, 4, 20500 Mondragon, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5105093531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":13.173,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98530881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"35","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7159590125083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46070921421051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3723476231098175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3309968411922455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7159590125083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46070921421051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3723476231098175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3309968411922455}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16010035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/35/pdf?version=1736330575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:30ca78501e9c401db7d166c428bc5ebe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/30ca78501e9c401db7d166c428bc5ebe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 35 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ebiltegia.mondragon.edu:20.500.11984/14188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11984/14188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196532","display_name":"eRepository Mondragon University (Mondragon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162361429","host_organization_name":"Mondragon Unibertsitatea","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162361429"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information Vol. 16. N. 1. N art. 35, 2025","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16010035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/35/pdf?version=1736330575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G138487048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101136067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337103","display_name":"Design and Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406174818.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406174818.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587451402","https://openalex.org/W1787442784","https://openalex.org/W1974424700","https://openalex.org/W1986684549","https://openalex.org/W2037057633","https://openalex.org/W2041399402","https://openalex.org/W2062299969","https://openalex.org/W2126763925","https://openalex.org/W2154188682","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2166593067","https://openalex.org/W2469904922","https://openalex.org/W2516337039","https://openalex.org/W2566104501","https://openalex.org/W2756587262","https://openalex.org/W2782892168","https://openalex.org/W2805749393","https://openalex.org/W2896038340","https://openalex.org/W2915881521","https://openalex.org/W2949861227","https://openalex.org/W2965828129","https://openalex.org/W2972025374","https://openalex.org/W2983364195","https://openalex.org/W2994780247","https://openalex.org/W2995753645","https://openalex.org/W3006892261","https://openalex.org/W3080464830","https://openalex.org/W3090919894","https://openalex.org/W3091345397","https://openalex.org/W3094044645","https://openalex.org/W3103555877","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3139429868","https://openalex.org/W3198807109","https://openalex.org/W3209336322","https://openalex.org/W3214019248","https://openalex.org/W4205497097","https://openalex.org/W4205933574","https://openalex.org/W4225381308","https://openalex.org/W4281853811","https://openalex.org/W4283706248","https://openalex.org/W4283783031","https://openalex.org/W4288085016","https://openalex.org/W4292635691","https://openalex.org/W4293531367","https://openalex.org/W4294959707","https://openalex.org/W4295249297","https://openalex.org/W4306726258","https://openalex.org/W4306769532","https://openalex.org/W4308346016","https://openalex.org/W4386324407","https://openalex.org/W4390079077","https://openalex.org/W6755349862","https://openalex.org/W6767438918","https://openalex.org/W6850699123","https://openalex.org/W6941129350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2059650074","https://openalex.org/W4285504728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industry":[0,13,141,194],"5.0,":[1,195],"the":[2,10,20,30,52,87,93,108,132,144,174,189,197,206],"latest":[3],"evolution":[4],"in":[5,92,118,140,153,185,205],"industrial":[6],"processes,":[7],"builds":[8],"upon":[9],"principles":[11],"of":[12,22,32,99,110,124,128,135,158,176,193],"4.0":[14],"by":[15],"emphasizing":[16],"human-centric":[17],"approaches":[18,204],"and":[19,36,46,71,95,156,166,183,202],"integration":[21],"virtual":[23],"reality":[24],"technologies.":[25],"This":[26,170],"paradigm":[27],"shift":[28],"underscores":[29],"importance":[31],"collaboration":[33],"between":[34],"humans":[35],"advanced":[37],"technologies":[38],"with":[39,103],"a":[40,59,96,111,177],"focus":[41],"on":[42,51],"optimizing":[43],"efficiency,":[44],"safety,":[45],"worker":[47],"skill":[48],"development.":[49],"Based":[50],"PRISMA":[53],"2020":[54],"guidelines,":[55],"this":[56,121],"study":[57,154,171],"conducts":[58],"systematic":[60],"literature":[61],"review,":[62],"identifying":[63],"328":[64],"papers":[65,75],"from":[66],"databases.":[67],"After":[68],"applying":[69],"inclusion":[70],"exclusion":[72],"criteria,":[73],"24":[74],"were":[76],"selected":[77],"for":[78,114,180,199],"detailed":[79,97],"analysis.":[80],"The":[81],"review":[82,145],"provides":[83],"valuable":[84],"insights":[85],"into":[86],"diverse":[88],"evaluation":[89],"methods":[90],"employed":[91],"literature,":[94],"classification":[98],"29":[100],"human":[101,116],"factors":[102,117,130],"their":[104],"associated":[105],"metrics.":[106],"Despite":[107],"absence":[109],"standardized":[112,203],"method":[113],"assessing":[115],"VR":[119,138],"experiences,":[120],"comprehensive":[122],"analysis":[123],"240":[125],"different":[126],"ways":[127],"measuring":[129],"highlights":[131],"current":[133],"state":[134],"evaluating":[136],"human-centered":[137,186],"experiences":[139],"5.0.":[142],"While":[143],"reveals":[146],"some":[147],"limitations":[148],"such":[149],"as":[150],"potential":[151],"bias":[152],"selection":[155],"heterogeneity":[157],"methods,":[159],"it":[160],"also":[161],"identifies":[162],"significant":[163],"research":[164,182],"gaps":[165],"proposes":[167],"future":[168,181],"directions.":[169],"contributes":[172],"to":[173],"establishment":[175],"coherent":[178],"structure":[179],"development":[184],"design":[187],"within":[188],"rapidly":[190],"evolving":[191],"landscape":[192],"paving":[196],"way":[198],"more":[200],"effective":[201],"future.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-01-09T00:00:00"}