{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406151163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010034","title":"AICpred: Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Potential Anti-Inflammatory Compounds Targeting TLR4-MyD88 Binding Mechanism","display_name":"AICpred: Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Potential Anti-Inflammatory Compounds Targeting TLR4-MyD88 Binding Mechanism","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406151163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16010034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/34/pdf?version=1736242649","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/34/pdf?version=1736242649","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115802732","display_name":"Lucindah N. Fry-Nartey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091910","display_name":"Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1qr933","country_code":"GH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464","https://openalex.org/I4210091910"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucindah N. Fry-Nartey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana","West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091910","https://openalex.org/I138690464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097335066","display_name":"Cyril Akafia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0637-8362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["GH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyril Akafia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0637-8362","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115802733","display_name":"Ursula S. Nkonu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ursula S. Nkonu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115802734","display_name":"Spencer B. Baiden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spencer B. Baiden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115802735","display_name":"Ignatus Nunana Dorvi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignatus Nunana Dorvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066896456","display_name":"Kwasi Agyenkwa-Mawuli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091910","display_name":"Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1qr933","country_code":"GH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464","https://openalex.org/I4210091910"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwasi Agyenkwa-Mawuli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091910","https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026883264","display_name":"Odame Agyapong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1484-9833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Odame Agyapong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041631343","display_name":"Claude Fiifi Hayford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6206-1074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Fiifi Hayford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6206-1074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083608561","display_name":"Michael D. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-8509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091910","display_name":"Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1qr933","country_code":"GH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464","https://openalex.org/I4210091910"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-8509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091910","https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081692917","display_name":"Whelton A. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3822-7940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304196042","display_name":"Loyola University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xcyt367","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I1304269903"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1925986","display_name":"Loyola University Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6x2g63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Whelton A. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA","Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3822-7940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I1925986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I1925986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046288545","display_name":"Samuel K. Kwofie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel K. Kwofie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-1517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046288545","https://openalex.org/A5081692917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304196042","https://openalex.org/I138690464","https://openalex.org/I1925986","https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.6618,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88723958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"34","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.840546727180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7144485116004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6699011325836182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.6571083664894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6312879920005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5889943838119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5636357665061951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5414753556251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr4","display_name":"TLR4","score":0.45660144090652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resampling","display_name":"Resampling","score":0.4199891984462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"Inflammation","score":0.21289685368537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1926354467868805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.09672045707702637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.840546727180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7144485116004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6699011325836182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.6571083664894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6312879920005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5889943838119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5636357665061951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5414753556251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776070231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14914098","display_name":"TLR4","level":3,"score":0.45660144090652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170431","display_name":"Resampling","level":2,"score":0.4199891984462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.21289685368537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1926354467868805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.09672045707702637}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16010034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/34/pdf?version=1736242649","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:557c63f60ec74619a8a1ed2faf7c11d7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/557c63f60ec74619a8a1ed2faf7c11d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 16, Iss 1, p 34 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2078-2489/16/1/34/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info16010034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info16010034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info16010034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/1/34/pdf?version=1736242649","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323307","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335759","display_name":"Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406151163.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406151163.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61851215","https://openalex.org/W69042384","https://openalex.org/W1564121197","https://openalex.org/W1751962365","https://openalex.org/W1966753498","https://openalex.org/W1969394188","https://openalex.org/W1980945203","https://openalex.org/W1991181258","https://openalex.org/W2000770184","https://openalex.org/W2033184625","https://openalex.org/W2039715647","https://openalex.org/W2062835892","https://openalex.org/W2066323819","https://openalex.org/W2076018148","https://openalex.org/W2082636460","https://openalex.org/W2094148186","https://openalex.org/W2099322651","https://openalex.org/W2115048127","https://openalex.org/W2123676318","https://openalex.org/W2126427287","https://openalex.org/W2127553917","https://openalex.org/W2132822330","https://openalex.org/W2136256517","https://openalex.org/W2136817329","https://openalex.org/W2162826697","https://openalex.org/W2168020168","https://openalex.org/W2278332638","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2342603028","https://openalex.org/W2371638596","https://openalex.org/W2403366498","https://openalex.org/W2412243856","https://openalex.org/W2548532227","https://openalex.org/W2549144853","https://openalex.org/W2562319768","https://openalex.org/W2599171418","https://openalex.org/W2600261207","https://openalex.org/W2617620062","https://openalex.org/W2733157855","https://openalex.org/W2735527928","https://openalex.org/W2750693154","https://openalex.org/W2782485997","https://openalex.org/W2791315675","https://openalex.org/W2809395091","https://openalex.org/W2885534843","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2948244556","https://openalex.org/W2954643780","https://openalex.org/W2963100393","https://openalex.org/W2980057552","https://openalex.org/W2982188507","https://openalex.org/W2999309192","https://openalex.org/W3015283396","https://openalex.org/W3015351929","https://openalex.org/W3016852213","https://openalex.org/W3022202137","https://openalex.org/W3022407124","https://openalex.org/W3034129242","https://openalex.org/W3037682562","https://openalex.org/W3082059448","https://openalex.org/W3097920362","https://openalex.org/W3109926113","https://openalex.org/W3110551733","https://openalex.org/W3113196149","https://openalex.org/W3113291402","https://openalex.org/W3126538466","https://openalex.org/W3135015778","https://openalex.org/W3137841630","https://openalex.org/W3143381390","https://openalex.org/W3153734228","https://openalex.org/W3154172054","https://openalex.org/W3167569857","https://openalex.org/W3169739706","https://openalex.org/W3177306882","https://openalex.org/W3183304259","https://openalex.org/W3184680684","https://openalex.org/W3192577693","https://openalex.org/W3215272384","https://openalex.org/W3215700067","https://openalex.org/W4200329856","https://openalex.org/W4206435642","https://openalex.org/W4206558526","https://openalex.org/W4207043639","https://openalex.org/W4212891082","https://openalex.org/W4220961657","https://openalex.org/W4224443979","https://openalex.org/W4225497946","https://openalex.org/W4251641598","https://openalex.org/W4253345420","https://openalex.org/W4255955168","https://openalex.org/W4289544340","https://openalex.org/W4294190648","https://openalex.org/W4315645216","https://openalex.org/W4316494275","https://openalex.org/W4362589638","https://openalex.org/W4362705156","https://openalex.org/W4388455891","https://openalex.org/W4390686916","https://openalex.org/W4391064487","https://openalex.org/W4391164184","https://openalex.org/W4391880918","https://openalex.org/W4401409329","https://openalex.org/W6623737539","https://openalex.org/W6674952872","https://openalex.org/W6735011078","https://openalex.org/W6743671332","https://openalex.org/W6796096176","https://openalex.org/W6804471714","https://openalex.org/W6807408924","https://openalex.org/W6833758557","https://openalex.org/W6852239437","https://openalex.org/W6861822191","https://openalex.org/W7006806681"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327035729","https://openalex.org/W2348748958","https://openalex.org/W3039673966","https://openalex.org/W1538046993","https://openalex.org/W1570592793","https://openalex.org/W1525436954","https://openalex.org/W2385662756","https://openalex.org/W2585372724","https://openalex.org/W2241444561","https://openalex.org/W1502951582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Toll-like":[0],"receptor":[1],"4":[2],"(TLR4)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5,219],"implicated":[6],"in":[7,27,73,236],"the":[8,14,18,28,59,74,103,117,124,168,227,274,311,315,321],"production":[9],"of":[10,30,33,120,123,161,310,317,323],"uncontrolled":[11],"inflammation":[12],"within":[13,102,273],"body,":[15],"known":[16,257],"as":[17,109,209,247,270,289],"cytokine":[19,229],"storm.":[20],"Studies":[21],"that":[22,217],"employ":[23],"machine":[24,48],"learning":[25],"(ML)":[26],"prediction":[29,251],"potential":[31,290],"inhibitors":[32,54],"TLR4":[34,56],"are":[35],"limited.":[36],"This":[37],"study":[38],"introduces":[39],"AICpred,":[40],"a":[41,69,233],"robust,":[42],"free,":[43],"user-friendly,":[44],"and":[45,95,116,146,158,164,172,189,191,196,201,211,245,264,326],"easily":[46],"accessible":[47],"learning-based":[49],"web":[50],"application":[51],"for":[52,293],"predicting":[53],"against":[55,296],"by":[57],"targeting":[58,320],"TLR4-myeloid":[60],"differentiation":[61],"primary":[62],"response":[63],"88":[64],"(MyD88)":[65],"interaction.":[66],"MyD88":[67],"is":[68,232,314,327],"crucial":[70],"adaptor":[71],"protein":[72],"TLR4-induced":[75],"hyper-inflammation":[76],"pathway.":[77],"Predictive":[78],"models":[79,175,239],"were":[80,127,268],"trained":[81],"using":[82,284],"random":[83,110,118],"forest,":[84],"adaptive":[85],"boosting":[86,90],"(AdaBoost),":[87],"eXtreme":[88],"gradient":[89],"(XGBoost),":[91],"k-nearest":[92],"neighbours":[93],"(KNN),":[94],"decision":[96,173],"tree":[97,174],"models.":[98],"To":[99],"handle":[100],"imbalance":[101],"training":[104,200],"data,":[105],"resampling":[106],"techniques":[107],"such":[108],"under-sampling,":[111],"synthetic":[112],"minority":[113],"oversampling":[114],"technique,":[115],"selection":[119],"5000":[121],"instances":[122],"majority":[125],"class":[126],"employed.":[128],"A":[129],"10-fold":[130],"cross-validation":[131],"strategy":[132],"was":[133,207,212],"used":[134,213],"to":[135,183,214,221,258,306],"evaluate":[136],"model":[137,150,206],"performance":[138,153],"based":[139],"on":[140,167,198,225],"metrics":[141],"including":[142,261],"accuracy,":[143,145,155,157],"balanced":[144,156,185],"recall.":[147],"The":[148,170,204,238],"XGBoost":[149,205],"demonstrated":[151],"superior":[152],"with":[154,178,250,277,303],"recall":[159,192],"scores":[160,193],"0.994,":[162],"0.958,":[163],"0.917,":[165],"respectively,":[166],"test.":[169],"AdaBoost":[171],"also":[176],"excelled":[177],"accuracies":[179,186],"ranging":[180],"from":[181],"0.981":[182],"0.992,":[184],"between":[187,194],"0.921":[188],"0.944,":[190],"0.845":[195],"0.891":[197],"both":[199],"test":[202],"datasets.":[203],"deployed":[208],"AICpred":[210,285,313],"screen":[215],"compounds":[216,249,256,283],"have":[218,222],"reported":[220],"positive":[223],"effects":[224],"mitigating":[226],"hyperinflammation-associated":[228],"storm,":[230],"which":[231],"key":[234],"factor":[235],"COVID-19.":[237],"predicted":[240,269],"Baricitinib,":[241],"Ibrutinib,":[242],"Nezulcitinib,":[243],"MCC950,":[244],"Acalabrutinib":[246],"anti-TLR4":[248],"probability":[252],"above":[253,279],"0.90.":[254],"Additionally,":[255],"inhibit":[259],"TLR4,":[260],"TAK-242":[262],"(Resatorvid)":[263],"benzisothiazole":[265],"derivative":[266],"(M62812),":[267],"bioactive":[271],"agents":[272,295],"applicability":[275],"domain":[276],"probabilities":[278],"0.80.":[280],"Computationally":[281],"inferred":[282],"can":[286],"be":[287,301],"explored":[288],"starting":[291],"skeletons":[292],"therapeutic":[294],"hyperinflammation.":[297],"These":[298],"predictions":[299],"must":[300],"consolidated":[302],"experimental":[304],"screening":[305],"enhance":[307],"further":[308],"optimisation":[309],"compounds.":[312],"first":[316],"its":[318],"kind":[319],"inhibition":[322],"TLR4-MyD88":[324],"binding":[325],"freely":[328],"available":[329],"at":[330],"http://197.255.126.13:8080.":[331]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
