{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404254040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110722","title":"Malware Classification Using Few-Shot Learning Approach","display_name":"Malware Classification Using Few-Shot Learning Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404254040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15110722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110722","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/722/pdf?version=1731307142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/722/pdf?version=1731307142","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082816305","display_name":"Khalid Alfarsi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Alfarsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036358030","display_name":"Saim Rasheed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1584-2991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saim Rasheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052116574","display_name":"Iftikhar Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3719-2387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iftikhar Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082816305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.8081,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91804583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"722","last_page":"722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8099418878555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","score":0.7705418467521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.575661838054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-shot","display_name":"One shot","score":0.5351494550704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4851142168045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3087393045425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10772937536239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.07950708270072937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8099418878555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.7705418467521667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.575661838054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992734406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413267","display_name":"One shot","level":2,"score":0.5351494550704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4851142168045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3087393045425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10772937536239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07950708270072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15110722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110722","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/722/pdf?version=1731307142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:75798b3467e849cbb677054e3bfe63a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/75798b3467e849cbb677054e3bfe63a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 15, Iss 11, p 722 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15110722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110722","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/722/pdf?version=1731307142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404254040.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963849366","https://openalex.org/W2291848788","https://openalex.org/W2520113424","https://openalex.org/W2583245606","https://openalex.org/W2609731728","https://openalex.org/W2806587241","https://openalex.org/W2895969632","https://openalex.org/W2905471643","https://openalex.org/W2945708832","https://openalex.org/W2951603891","https://openalex.org/W2954674884","https://openalex.org/W2980147550","https://openalex.org/W2998074434","https://openalex.org/W3019875810","https://openalex.org/W3033728179","https://openalex.org/W3034312118","https://openalex.org/W3041568739","https://openalex.org/W3046000686","https://openalex.org/W3081627837","https://openalex.org/W3084338304","https://openalex.org/W3086419524","https://openalex.org/W3094108931","https://openalex.org/W3120795858","https://openalex.org/W3129460895","https://openalex.org/W3153387614","https://openalex.org/W3155434081","https://openalex.org/W3157814027","https://openalex.org/W3161570989","https://openalex.org/W3169651898","https://openalex.org/W3177921646","https://openalex.org/W3194422450","https://openalex.org/W3215200159","https://openalex.org/W4243367342","https://openalex.org/W4292541930","https://openalex.org/W4293106276","https://openalex.org/W4313216189","https://openalex.org/W4318464356","https://openalex.org/W4386971333","https://openalex.org/W4398340012","https://openalex.org/W4399612502","https://openalex.org/W6635142148","https://openalex.org/W6696736756","https://openalex.org/W6757508541","https://openalex.org/W6764968902","https://openalex.org/W6765325417","https://openalex.org/W6795155905","https://openalex.org/W6869754743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2497720472","https://openalex.org/W4292659306","https://openalex.org/W3044321615","https://openalex.org/W2806221744","https://openalex.org/W2326937258","https://openalex.org/W394267150","https://openalex.org/W2773965352","https://openalex.org/W4294892107","https://openalex.org/W2357748469","https://openalex.org/W2392917037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malware":[0,134],"detection,":[1,39],"targeting":[2],"the":[3,64,175,181],"microarchitecture":[4],"of":[5,94,108,177,224],"processors,":[6],"has":[7,213],"recently":[8],"come":[9],"to":[10,17,40,48,82,96,124,155,173],"light":[11],"as":[12,36],"a":[13,53,92,97,105,111,120],"potentially":[14],"effective":[15],"way":[16],"improve":[18],"computer":[19],"system":[20,98],"security.":[21],"Hardware":[22],"Performance":[23],"Counter":[24],"data":[25,73,109],"are":[26,70,160,165],"used":[27],"by":[28,63,99,205],"machine":[29,125],"learning":[30,126,129,203],"algorithms":[31,151],"in":[32,66,84,180],"security":[33],"mechanisms,":[34],"such":[35],"hardware-based":[37],"malware":[38,88],"categorize":[41],"and":[42,68,74,103,127,143,162],"detect":[43],"malware.":[44,56],"It":[45],"is":[46,86,136,148,172,219],"crucial":[47],"determine":[49],"whether":[50],"or":[51],"not":[52],"file":[54],"contains":[55],"Many":[57],"issues":[58],"have":[59],"been":[60],"brought":[61],"about":[62],"rise":[65],"malware,":[67],"businesses":[69],"losing":[71],"vital":[72],"dealing":[75],"with":[76],"other":[77,225],"issues.":[78],"The":[79,146,210],"second":[80],"thing":[81],"keep":[83],"mind":[85],"that":[87,149,159,164,169,223],"can":[89],"quickly":[90],"cause":[91],"lot":[93],"damage":[95],"slowing":[100],"it":[101,153],"down":[102],"encrypting":[104],"large":[106],"amount":[107],"on":[110,119,201],"personal":[112],"computer.":[113],"This":[114,167],"study":[115],"provides":[116],"extensive":[117],"details":[118],"flexible":[121],"framework":[122],"related":[123],"deep":[128],"techniques":[130,204],"using":[131,138,206],"few-shot":[132,202],"learning.":[133],"detection":[135],"possible":[137],"DT,":[139],"RF,":[140],"LR,":[141],"SVM,":[142],"FSL":[144],"techniques.":[145,226],"logic":[147],"these":[150],"make":[152],"simple":[154],"differentiate":[156],"between":[157],"files":[158],"malware-free":[161],"those":[163],"not.":[166],"indicates":[168],"their":[170],"goal":[171],"reduce":[174],"number":[176],"false":[178],"positives":[179],"data.":[182],"For":[183],"this,":[184],"we":[185,198],"use":[186],"two":[187,207],"different":[188,208],"datasets":[189],"from":[190],"an":[191,214],"online":[192],"platform.":[193],"In":[194],"this":[195],"research":[196],"work,":[197],"mainly":[199],"focus":[200],"datasets.":[209],"proposed":[211],"model":[212],"97%":[215],"accuracy":[216],"rate,":[217],"which":[218],"much":[220],"greater":[221],"than":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}