{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404111517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110710","title":"Cybersecurity at Sea: A Literature Review of Cyber-Attack Impacts and Defenses in Maritime Supply Chains","display_name":"Cybersecurity at Sea: A Literature Review of Cyber-Attack Impacts and Defenses in Maritime Supply Chains","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404111517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15110710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/710/pdf?version=1730867110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/710/pdf?version=1730867110","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002906409","display_name":"Maria Valentina Clavijo Mesa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6052-5771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Valentina Clavijo Mesa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Department, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Department, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074961376","display_name":"Carmen Elena Pati\u00f1o Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6040-4734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35961687","display_name":"Universidad de Antioquia","ror":"https://ror.org/03bp5hc83","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35961687"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Elena Patino-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35961687"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058992466","display_name":"Fernando Jes\u00fas Guevara Carazas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8529-4383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Jesus Guevara Carazas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Nacional, Medell\u00edn 050034, Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Nacional, Medell\u00edn 050034, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074961376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35961687"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":49.6247,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99853939,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"710","last_page":"710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.6052637100219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5923401117324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.47766241431236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-threats","display_name":"Cyber threats","score":0.410595178604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28966987133026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.08055263757705688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.6052637100219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5923401117324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47766241431236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018725008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4071928","display_name":"Cyber threats","level":2,"score":0.410595178604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28966987133026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.08055263757705688}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15110710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/710/pdf?version=1730867110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6c947d7e53164151bcd4ebe8ffb7adbe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6c947d7e53164151bcd4ebe8ffb7adbe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 15, Iss 11, p 710 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15110710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/710/pdf?version=1730867110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404111517.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":144,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508221334","https://openalex.org/W2012932483","https://openalex.org/W2085822036","https://openalex.org/W2115472369","https://openalex.org/W2174850379","https://openalex.org/W2504345447","https://openalex.org/W2619374218","https://openalex.org/W2621968699","https://openalex.org/W2755950973","https://openalex.org/W2756025240","https://openalex.org/W2802183809","https://openalex.org/W2802611747","https://openalex.org/W2809913664","https://openalex.org/W2899568779","https://openalex.org/W2902908798","https://openalex.org/W2913327161","https://openalex.org/W2937407420","https://openalex.org/W2943370261","https://openalex.org/W2945990742","https://openalex.org/W2955715563","https://openalex.org/W2977901454","https://openalex.org/W2979464462","https://openalex.org/W2980398289","https://openalex.org/W2985815377","https://openalex.org/W3004911497","https://openalex.org/W3005937142","https://openalex.org/W3007791787","https://openalex.org/W3010409379","https://openalex.org/W3020404131","https://openalex.org/W3040644204","https://openalex.org/W3041080956","https://openalex.org/W3044806866","https://openalex.org/W3080218502","https://openalex.org/W3089842096","https://openalex.org/W3090500826","https://openalex.org/W3090592967","https://openalex.org/W3103062648","https://openalex.org/W3121050441","https://openalex.org/W3123836503","https://openalex.org/W3125354632","https://openalex.org/W3125361011","https://openalex.org/W3129692962","https://openalex.org/W3142347132","https://openalex.org/W3155516278","https://openalex.org/W3159858237","https://openalex.org/W3163440432","https://openalex.org/W3164302863","https://openalex.org/W3167846600","https://openalex.org/W3168393667","https://openalex.org/W3174930054","https://openalex.org/W3196293611","https://openalex.org/W3197944870","https://openalex.org/W3199997066","https://openalex.org/W3201253788","https://openalex.org/W3203599577","https://openalex.org/W3205477440","https://openalex.org/W3211086123","https://openalex.org/W3211661740","https://openalex.org/W3212820708","https://openalex.org/W3213737900","https://openalex.org/W3215234199","https://openalex.org/W3215847618","https://openalex.org/W3216879092","https://openalex.org/W4200009490","https://openalex.org/W4200203627","https://openalex.org/W4200280474","https://openalex.org/W4205546013","https://openalex.org/W4205557186","https://openalex.org/W4206979013","https://openalex.org/W4210531685","https://openalex.org/W4214567394","https://openalex.org/W4220760105","https://openalex.org/W4221129039","https://openalex.org/W4223431637","https://openalex.org/W4225858218","https://openalex.org/W4226226163","https://openalex.org/W4280630329","https://openalex.org/W4282944171","https://openalex.org/W4283726888","https://openalex.org/W4285219637","https://openalex.org/W4285278704","https://openalex.org/W4291653443","https://openalex.org/W4293198888","https://openalex.org/W4295852888","https://openalex.org/W4296078790","https://openalex.org/W4301401032","https://openalex.org/W4306152344","https://openalex.org/W4308036928","https://openalex.org/W4308971593","https://openalex.org/W4313415264","https://openalex.org/W4318042258","https://openalex.org/W4318612167","https://openalex.org/W4318822963","https://openalex.org/W4320339933","https://openalex.org/W4323353789","https://openalex.org/W4323923330","https://openalex.org/W4361278352","https://openalex.org/W4367181652","https://openalex.org/W4367181817","https://openalex.org/W4367310365","https://openalex.org/W4367721870","https://openalex.org/W4378176353","https://openalex.org/W4379057249","https://openalex.org/W4380768819","https://openalex.org/W4382294990","https://openalex.org/W4383315329","https://openalex.org/W4384436077","https://openalex.org/W4385365094","https://openalex.org/W4386387409","https://openalex.org/W4388816770","https://openalex.org/W4388944209","https://openalex.org/W4389793030","https://openalex.org/W4390043041","https://openalex.org/W4390270225","https://openalex.org/W4390271440","https://openalex.org/W4391097217","https://openalex.org/W4391142459","https://openalex.org/W4392145952","https://openalex.org/W4392644225","https://openalex.org/W4392682469","https://openalex.org/W4392823016","https://openalex.org/W4392981538","https://openalex.org/W4393003256","https://openalex.org/W4393934689","https://openalex.org/W4394711286","https://openalex.org/W4396650316","https://openalex.org/W4396672671","https://openalex.org/W4396693329","https://openalex.org/W4399053898","https://openalex.org/W4400915556","https://openalex.org/W4401217612","https://openalex.org/W4402279444","https://openalex.org/W6674562543","https://openalex.org/W6755914981","https://openalex.org/W6769006925","https://openalex.org/W6796947892","https://openalex.org/W6802085623","https://openalex.org/W6803042837","https://openalex.org/W6811575971","https://openalex.org/W6839635878","https://openalex.org/W6840326992","https://openalex.org/W6842306015","https://openalex.org/W6858320575","https://openalex.org/W6862186151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110311961","https://openalex.org/W4396897946","https://openalex.org/W3040950835","https://openalex.org/W4386107585","https://openalex.org/W2552246019","https://openalex.org/W2508779374","https://openalex.org/W4285815382","https://openalex.org/W4385452110","https://openalex.org/W4399917864","https://openalex.org/W1153919619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,137],"maritime":[1,21,44,86,119,171],"industry":[2],"is":[3,54,223],"constantly":[4],"evolving":[5],"and":[6,31,68,112,135,154,157,216],"posing":[7],"new":[8],"challenges,":[9],"especially":[10],"with":[11,195],"increasing":[12],"digitalization,":[13],"which":[14,96],"has":[15],"raised":[16],"concerns":[17,116],"about":[18],"cyber-attacks":[19,67,168],"on":[20,49],"supply":[22,45,120,172],"chain":[23,46,121,173],"agents.":[24],"Although":[25],"scholars":[26],"have":[27],"proposed":[28],"various":[29],"methods":[30],"classification":[32],"models":[33],"to":[34,60,129,142,191,198,214],"counter":[35],"these":[36],"cyber":[37],"threats,":[38],"a":[39,50,62,70,92,201,226],"comprehensive":[40],"cyber-attack":[41],"taxonomy":[42,71],"for":[43,72,91,117],"actors":[47],"based":[48],"systematic":[51,93],"literature":[52,94],"review":[53,58],"still":[55],"lacking.":[56],"This":[57,102],"aims":[59,190],"provide":[61],"clear":[63],"picture":[64],"of":[65,108,204,225,229],"common":[66],"develop":[69],"their":[73],"categorization.":[74],"In":[75,123,207],"addition,":[76],"it":[77,210],"outlines":[78],"best":[79],"practices":[80,141],"derived":[81],"from":[82],"academic":[83],"research":[84],"in":[85,169,185],"cybersecurity":[87,155],"using":[88],"PRISMA":[89],"principles":[90],"review,":[95],"identified":[97],"110":[98],"relevant":[99],"journal":[100],"papers.":[101],"study":[103,189],"highlights":[104],"that":[105,220],"distributed":[106],"denial":[107],"service":[109],"(DDoS)":[110],"attacks":[111],"malware":[113],"are":[114,127,180],"top":[115],"all":[118],"stakeholders.":[122],"particular,":[124],"shipping":[125],"companies":[126],"urged":[128],"prioritize":[130],"defenses":[131],"against":[132],"hijacking,":[133],"spoofing,":[134],"jamming.":[136],"report":[138],"identifies":[139],"18":[140],"combat":[143],"cyber-attacks,":[144,218],"categorized":[145],"into":[146],"information":[147,151],"security":[148,152],"management":[149],"solutions,":[150],"policies,":[153],"awareness":[156],"training.":[158],"Finally,":[159],"this":[160,188],"paper":[161],"explores":[162],"how":[163],"emerging":[164,205],"technologies":[165,179],"can":[166],"address":[167],"the":[170,186,196],"network":[174],"(MSCN).":[175],"While":[176],"Industry":[177,221],"4.0":[178,222],"highlighted":[181],"as":[182],"significant":[183],"trends":[184],"literature,":[187],"equip":[192],"MSCN":[193],"stakeholders":[194],"knowledge":[197],"effectively":[199],"leverage":[200],"broader":[202],"range":[203],"technologies.":[206],"doing":[208],"so,":[209],"provides":[211],"forward-looking":[212],"solutions":[213],"prevent":[215],"mitigate":[217],"emphasizing":[219],"part":[224],"larger":[227],"landscape":[228],"technological":[230],"innovation.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}