{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403978245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110681","title":"Identifying Learners\u2019 Confusion in a MOOC Forum Across Domains Using Explainable Deep Transfer Learning","display_name":"Identifying Learners\u2019 Confusion in a MOOC Forum Across Domains Using Explainable Deep Transfer Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403978245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15110681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/681/pdf?version=1730424025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/681/pdf?version=1730424025","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038079740","display_name":"Rahaf Alsuhaimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9010-2964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rahaf Alsuhaimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019672674","display_name":"Omaima Almatrafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2105-2275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omaima Almatrafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038079740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.8601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82075354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"681","last_page":"681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.7899497747421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6994841694831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41107508540153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4096232056617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3396522104740143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25759249925613403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.7899497747421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6994841694831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41107508540153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4096232056617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3396522104740143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25759249925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15110681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/681/pdf?version=1730424025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d48a036d65434984a6a7a8cdee3e38a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d48a036d65434984a6a7a8cdee3e38a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Information, Vol 15, Iss 11, p 681 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/info15110681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110681","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/11/681/pdf?version=1730424025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219776","display_name":"Information","issn_l":"2078-2489","issn":["2078-2489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403978245.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986614398","https://openalex.org/W2028111024","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2335805127","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2740382415","https://openalex.org/W2767604415","https://openalex.org/W2806102846","https://openalex.org/W2892130509","https://openalex.org/W2917767525","https://openalex.org/W2947444503","https://openalex.org/W2956530858","https://openalex.org/W2980530201","https://openalex.org/W2996035354","https://openalex.org/W3005572278","https://openalex.org/W3037743169","https://openalex.org/W3038021568","https://openalex.org/W3038845385","https://openalex.org/W3090756168","https://openalex.org/W3105248300","https://openalex.org/W3118035009","https://openalex.org/W3177407131","https://openalex.org/W3208985699","https://openalex.org/W4225304496","https://openalex.org/W4284957923","https://openalex.org/W4294808777","https://openalex.org/W4311008816","https://openalex.org/W4313477278","https://openalex.org/W4378715220","https://openalex.org/W4389955939","https://openalex.org/W4391836992","https://openalex.org/W4400296643","https://openalex.org/W4400525136","https://openalex.org/W6759934792","https://openalex.org/W6780394436","https://openalex.org/W6790587931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4206357785","https://openalex.org/W4281381188","https://openalex.org/W3192840557","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W4375928479","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3023427754","https://openalex.org/W3131673289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"Open":[1],"Online":[2],"Courses":[3],"(MOOCs)":[4],"offer":[5],"highly":[6],"specialized":[7],"online":[8,96],"courses":[9],"and":[10,38,43,115,170,184,214],"have":[11],"attracted":[12],"nearly":[13],"10":[14],"million":[15],"learners":[16,31],"worldwide":[17],"to":[18,32,49,76,91],"participate":[19],"in":[20,149,153,200],"various":[21],"educational":[22,126,236],"programs.":[23],"These":[24,177],"platforms":[25],"provide":[26,185],"discussion":[27,97],"forums":[28],"that":[29],"allow":[30],"engage":[33],"with":[34,234],"both":[35],"their":[36],"peers":[37],"instructors,":[39],"facilitating":[40],"idea":[41],"exchange":[42],"seeking":[44],"assistance,":[45],"respectively.":[46],"However,":[47],"due":[48],"the":[50,70,83,93,105,145,154,159,163,180,189,216,227,235],"substantial":[51],"participant-to-instructor":[52],"ratio,":[53],"certain":[54],"posts":[55,98],"may":[56],"go":[57],"unanswered.":[58],"Addressing":[59],"learners\u2019":[60],"confusion":[61,103,190],"is":[62],"crucial.":[63],"This":[64,80,128,219],"emotional":[65],"state,":[66],"often":[67],"experienced":[68],"during":[69],"learning":[71,89,118,123,228],"journey,":[72],"necessitates":[73],"prompt":[74],"support":[75],"prevent":[77],"potential":[78],"dropouts.":[79],"paper":[81],"proposes":[82],"application":[84],"of":[85,95,102,137,162,182,210,226],"a":[86,223],"deep":[87,117],"transfer":[88,122],"method":[90],"automate":[92],"classification":[94],"based":[99],"on":[100],"indicators":[101],"utilizing":[104],"Stanford":[106],"MOOCPost":[107],"dataset.":[108],"The":[109],"approach":[110,221],"involves":[111],"creating":[112],"an":[113,134,150],"explainable":[114],"adaptable":[116],"model":[119,129],"through":[120],"network-based":[121],"across":[124],"multiple":[125],"domains.":[127],"outperforms":[130],"baseline":[131],"methods,":[132],"achieving":[133],"average":[135],"accuracy":[136],"91%.":[138],"Additionally,":[139],"employing":[140],"data":[141],"augmentation":[142],"techniques":[143,174],"enhances":[144],"model\u2019s":[146],"generalizability,":[147],"resulting":[148],"11%":[151],"improvement":[152],"F1":[155],"score.":[156],"To":[157],"mitigate":[158],"inherent":[160],"opacity":[161],"implemented":[164],"models,":[165],"Local":[166],"Interpretable":[167],"Model-Agnostic":[168],"Explanation":[169,173],"Shapley":[171],"Additive":[172],"are":[175],"integrated.":[176],"explanations":[178],"assess":[179],"reliability":[181],"features":[183],"supplementary":[186],"insights":[187],"into":[188],"detection.":[191],"By":[192],"pinpointing":[193],"confused":[194],"posts,":[195],"this":[196],"work":[197],"assists":[198],"instructors":[199],"delivering":[201],"timely":[202],"responses,":[203],"resolving":[204],"learner":[205,232],"confusion,":[206],"providing":[207],"accurate":[208],"visualization":[209],"key":[211],"contributing":[212],"words,":[213],"reducing":[215],"dropout":[217],"rate.":[218],"proactive":[220],"ensures":[222],"smoother":[224],"continuation":[225],"process,":[229],"consequently":[230],"enhancing":[231],"satisfaction":[233],"experience.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
